第2讲 形容词、副词和比较级
[全国卷考情分析]
题型分类 典题试做 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer (long) than non-runners. 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic (energy)． 语法3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)A taste for meat is actually (actual) 1.考查形容词或副词比较等级的用法； 2．考查词类转换。 命题解读 填空 behind the change. 4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe) fertilizer consumption. 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even worse(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big 1.形容词之间或形容词与副separate house to raise dozens of chickens. another→other；词的错here→there 短文改错 2. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate, I raised my hand.Immediate→Immediately 3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.earlier→early 4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Beside，they often get some useful information from the Internet.Beside→Besides 用； 2．形近引起的错用； 3．比较等级的错用。
考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法
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[先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·湖北华大联盟质检)The boy looked at his father hopefully(hope) because he thought his father had brought him a present.
2．(2019·昆明质量检测)If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more water—a low-cost, sugar-free drink—we can improve their drinking habits, which may allow many kids to feel greater (great) throughout the day and do better in school.
3．(2019·武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most relaxing(relax) experiences of my life.
Ⅱ.单句改错
4．(2019·重庆联考)He was a European billionaire who got everything he wanted. Therefore, in the last twenty years of his life, his health began to get worse and he led a miserable life.Therefore→However 5．(2019·云南八校调研)I don't think that it is a truly eco-travel. An eco-travel not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our responsibility as well. truly→true [再解读要点] 1．形容词的基本用法
(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。 Although it doesn't taste of anything special，it's still worth a try.尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方，但是还是值得一试。
Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again. 天气状况太差，他想再找到雪橇的轨迹是不可能的。
(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
Light-hearted and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来阳光的人。
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[易错提示] 以-ly结尾的形容词，常见的有：friendly，lovely，lively，lonely，elderly，deadly 等。
2．副词的基本用法
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。
The young man couldn't afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one. 那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。 [易错提示] 易用错的几类副词
(1)意义有别的同根副词。如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地)，hard(努力地)/ hardly(几乎不)，late(晚，迟)/ lately(最近)，most(很，最)/mostly(主要地)，fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地)，near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。
(2)有些副词有两种形式：以-ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如：close接近/closely密切地；wide宽地/widely广泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep深地/deeply 深深地。
考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级 [先试做题组] Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the faster(fast) you 3
will move toward your goal.
2．(2019·湖北八校联考)Whatever happens in China, the third largest(large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world's population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.
3．(2019·广东七校联考)My dad was 90 years old.He could hardly see very well and walks with a stick.I was scanning the restaurant，waiting to sit at the first table that was more_convenient(convenient) than others. 4．(2019·东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much quieter(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters. Ⅱ.单句改错
5．My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. better→best [再解读要点]
1．比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则变化
变化规则 单音节的词一般在后 面加-er和-est 以“辅音字母＋-e”结尾 的词，在后面加-r和-st 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的 词，将y改为i，再加-er和-est 以一个辅音字母结尾的重 读闭音节词，则双写这个 辅音字母，再加-er和-est 其他双音节和多音节的词 都在前面加more和most 例词 tall→taller→tallest quick→quicker→quickest late→later→latest pale→paler→palest early→earlier→earliest heavy→heavier→heaviest thin→thinner→thinnest hot→hotter→hottest careful→more careful careful→most careful [易错提示] 有少数几个双音节以及-ow，-er，-le结尾的词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：narrow，common，
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clever，simple，quiet，stupid等。
(2)不规则变化
good/well→better→best；bad/ill→worse→worst；many/much→ more→most；far→farther/further→farthest/furthestlittle→less→least
2．比较等级的用法 (1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……不一样”
Since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as...as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构： as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as... as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as... as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。
I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心，没有什么能够改变。 [易错提示] 修饰比较等级的副词：much，even，still，far，yet，a little，a lot，a bit，rather，any等。more，very等副词不可修饰比较级，这也是短文改错中常出现的错误之一。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围
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；old→older/elder→ oldest/eldest；
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