专升本英语专项练阅读理解(二)
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阅读理解（2）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项. A
Here are some of the world’s most impressive subways. The Tokyo Features: The Tokyo Metro and Toei lines that compose Metro and Tokyo’s massive subway system carry almost 8 million people Toei Lines each day, making it the busiest system in the world. The system is famous for its oshiya--- literally, “pusher”--- who shove passengers into crowded subway cars so the doors can close. And you think your commute is hell. The Moscow Features: The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful Metro stations in the world. The best of them were built during the Stalinist era and feature chandeliers(枝形吊灯), marble moldings and elaborate murals(精美的壁画). With more than 7 million riders a day, keeping all that marble clean has got to be a burden. The Hong Features: The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being Kong Metro one of the few subway systems in the world that actually turns a profit. It’s privately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to increase income and ridership. It also introduced “Octopus cards” that allow people to not only pay their fares electronically, but buy stuff at convenience stores, supermarkets, restaurants and even parking meters. It’s estimated that 95 % of all adults in Hong Kong own an Octopus card . Shanghai Features: Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro Metro system, and it has become the country’s largest in the 12 years since it opened. Shanghai Metro has 142 miles of track and plans to add another 180 miles within five years. By that point, it would be three times larger than Chicago “L”. The system carries about 2.18 million people a day. The London Features: Londoners call their subway the Underground, even Metro though 55 percent of it lies above ground. No matter when you’ve got the oldest mass-transit system in the world, you can call it anything you like. Trains started in1863 and they’ve been running ever since. Some 3 million people ride each day, every one of them remembering to “Mind the gap”. 1. Which one can provide the riders some wonderful decorations at the stations?
A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines B. The Moscow Metro C. The London Metro D. The Hong Kong MTR 2. ________ is done with the purpose of making money.
A. The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines B. The Moscow Metro C. The London Metro D. The Hong Kong MTR 3. We can learn from the passage that Shanghai Metro ________.
A. carries the most people each day B. is the world’s largest
C. may be larger than the Chicago “L” in the future D. is the busiest in the world
4. How many subways carry more than 5 million people per day?
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
B
Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists(考古学家)learn from the
objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don’t break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.
It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of
history—normally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different.
In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly—buy it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man’s stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal! Why was this man so well preserved? It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man’s skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.
How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called “Lindow Man”. His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn’t done heavy manual work in this life—he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn’t died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.
5. Which language does the word “archaeology” come from?
A. French. B. Greek C. Roman. D. German。 6. The word “these” in the first paragraph refers to _____. A. letters B. photographs C. paintings D. objects 7. Which of the following helped to preserve “Lindow Man”? A. Ice and low temperature B. Bacteria and oxygen C. Soil and energy D. Acid and water
8. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. “Lindow Man” was named after the person who first found him. B. Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.
C. “Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England. D. “Lindow Man” was good at manual work. 9. Which is the best title for the passage? A. What Is Archaeology? B. Archaeology and History
C. An Amazing Archaeological Discovery D. The Death of “Lindow Man”
C
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?
We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists
develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he
notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective(客观的) and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱). He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.
Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently
incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
10. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_________ A. knowledge only.
B. more than one aspect. C. technology only. D. the use of machines.
11. Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE? A. He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work. B. He is interested in problems that are explained.
C. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections. D. He looks for new ways of acting.
12. According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT_______________.
A. easily believe in unchecked statements. B. easily criticize others' research work. C. always use his imagination in work. D. always use evidence from observation.
13. Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses? A. complete B. objective C. complicated D. accurate 14. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Application of technology.
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