典型轴类零件数控车床加工编程设计与工艺设计
摘 要 数控车床是应用数控技术的车床，也就是装了数控系统的车床，是严
格按照从外部输入加工程序来自动对被加工零件进行车削加工。它是综合应用计算机、自动控制、自动检测及精密机械等高科技的产物
数控技术是现代制造业实现自动化、柔性化、集成化生产的基础，离开了数控技术，先进制造技术就成了无本之木。数控技术的广泛使用给机械制造业生产方式、生产结构、管理方式带来深刻的变化，它的关联效益和辐射能力更是难以估计。数控技术及数控装备已成为关系国家战略和体现国家综合国力水平的重要基础性产业，其水平高低是衡量一个国家制造业现代化程度的核心标志，实现加工机床及生产过程数控化，已经成为当今制造业的发展方向。
本论文主要通过对典型轴类零件的加工工艺分析和加工编程设计，进一步了解与掌握数控原理的理解，零件的识图与合理加工工艺的设计，并且进一步加强对数控G代码编程的熟练应用。
关键词 数控 加工工艺 编程 G代码
The typical shaft parts CNC lathe programming
design and process design
Abstract CNC lathe application lathe CNC technology, lathe CNC system
that is installed, in strict accordance with the input from the external processing program to automatically turning machining parts to be machined.It is a comprehensive application of computer, automatic control, automatic detection and precision machinery and other high-tech products CNC technology is the modern manufacturing automation, flexible foundation for integrated production, left the CNC technology, advanced manufacturing technology became a forest without trees. The extensive use of CNC technology to bring profound changes to the mode of production, machinery manufacturing, production structure, management style, and its associated benefits and the ability to radiate more difficult to estimate. NC and CNC equipment has become the country's strategy and reflects the country's comprehensive national strength level of basic industry, the level of core mark is a measure of the degree of modernization of a country's manufacturing industry, numerical control machine tools and production process has become manufacturing the development direction of the industry.
This thesis through the typical shaft parts processing technology analysis and processing of programming designed to further understanding and mastery the CNC understanding of the principles, parts of the knowledge map and reasonable process design, and further strengthen the skilled application of CNC G-code programming.
Keywords CNC machining process programming G code
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目 录
引 言 ············································································································ 3 第一章 数控技术 ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 国内外数控发展概况 ........................................................................................................ 4 1.2数控技术发展趋势 ............................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1性能发展方向 .......................................................................................................... 5
1.2.2 功能发展方向 ......................................................................................................... 7
第二章 零件图纸设计与分析 ..................................................................................................... 11
2.1 零件图纸设计 .................................................................................................................. 11 2.2 机床的选择 ...................................................................................................................... 11 第三章 零件的夹具与刀具设计 ................................................................................................. 13
3.1 数控机床夹具 .................................................................................................................. 13
3.1.1机床夹具的组成 .................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2机床夹具的作用 .................................................................................................... 15 3.1.3 零件的夹具设计 ................................................................................................... 16 3.2 数控机床的刀具 ............................................................................................................ 16
3.2.1 数控刀具的分类 ................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2 数控刀具的选用 ................................................................................................... 17 3.3.3 零件的刀具选用 ................................................................................................... 22
第四章 零件的加工工艺 ............................................................................................................... 23
4.1 数控车削的加工工艺内容 .............................................................................................. 23 4.2数控车削的加工工艺分析 ............................................................................................... 23
4.2.3 零件的工艺步骤 ................................................................................................... 26
第五章 零件切削用量的选定 ..................................................................................................... 27
5.1 切削用量的选择 .............................................................................................................. 27 5.2 切削用量的内容 .............................................................................................................. 27 第六章 零件主要操作步骤及程序的编制 ................................................................................... 29
6.1加工顺序及路线 ............................................................................................................... 29 6.2机床的操作步骤: .............................................................................................................. 29 6.3零件的安装及装夹方式 ................................................................................................... 29 夹具是机床的一种附加装置，工件的装夹与数控车床一般使用三爪自动定心卡盘装夹工件。在机械加工前，必须使工件在机床上或夹具中占据某一正确的位置，当工件定位后，采取一定的机构用外力将工件夹紧，使工件在加工过程中保持定位位置不变，如果工件过长可按一夹一顶工艺安装。 ............................................................................................. 29 6.4数控加工程序的编写 ....................................................................................................... 30 结 论......................................................................................................................................... 39 参考文献......................................................................................................................................... 41
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引 言
数控机床是近代发展起来的具有广阔发展前景的新型自动化机床,是高度机电一体化的产品。它综合了电子计算机、自动控制、液压与气动以及精密机械等方面的技术，具有高柔性、高精度与高度自动化的特点。随着数控机床的发展与普及，越来越需要那些既懂得数控加工技术，又能进行数控加工编程的技术人才。
随着现代工业的飞速发展，机械产品的结构越来越合理，其性能、精度和效率日趋提高,更新换代频繁。应用数控加工技术的领域已从当初的航空工业部门逐步扩大到汽车、造船、机床、建筑等民用机械制造业，并已取得了巨大的经济效益。
数控技术及数控机床的应用，提高了自动化程度高、加工精度高、加工质量稳定、对加工对象的适应性强、生产效率高、易于建立计算机通信网络。成功的解决了加工自动化的问题。用数控机床加工零件，有准确地计划零件的加工工时，减少检验的必要，无需复杂夹具、减小存储空间，减少因误操作造成废品和损坏刀具的可能性。 本论文包括任务书，进度安排表，开题报告等内容，对各种刀具量具的选择和使用，对零件图纸的绘制及标注，对零件的编程操作及加工。
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