语法 动词不定式讲义
动词不定式的定义：
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式的用法：
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 动词不定式的基本形式： 一般形式 to do
一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后 否定形式 not to do 被动形式 to be done 进行形式 to be doing
进行式表示的动作或状态，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态同时发生 完成形式 to have done
完成式表示动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前 一、不定式做主语：
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult work. To do such things is foolish.
注: 1 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2、当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。 it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中： (1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
注意：在此句型中，adj. 只能用可以修饰 人物的形容词。
例如: kind nice good brave clever wise stupid
foolish honest careless cruel generous eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water It was careless of her to make such a mistake (2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
注意：这里的adj. 不能表示人的性质，只能表示某事或某物的性质。 例如： difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful, useful Eg: It is not difficult for us to learn English well. It is right for him to work here. (3) it is +a +名词+ to do
例如: pleasure pity duty shame crime 等 Eg : It is a duty to plant trees every day .
注: 在感叹句和疑问句中只能用it作形式主语
Eg : What fun it is to jump into a lake in summer! How long did it take you to finish the work? 二、不定式做表语：
不定式作表语常表示将来的动作
1.主语是以aim duty hope idea intention mistake plan proposal job
suggestion wish purpose task 等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容
eg : My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
2主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果） Eg : To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
3 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain， become , look ,
sound , taste , smell , feel , 等后作表语．
Eg : The plan seems to have been changed .
4 在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “to”，例如：All you have to do is (to )press the button.
The only thing I can do is (to) give you as much help as I can. 三 动词不定式作宾语
1、“动词 + 带 to 的不定式结构
常用动词有: like wish hope want try begin start mean plan hate
Agree refuse promise pretend ask choose decide forget hope learn would like intend demand expect fail offer help attempt determine manage remember prepare 等
Eg : We hope to get there before dark. The girl decided to do it herself.
2 不定式即可作动词的宾语也可作介词的宾语.
不定式作介词的宾语时,介词之后一般不直接接不定式，一般都是:疑问词+不定式作宾语. 这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句
动词+疑问词+不定式
Eg : I’m worrying about what to do next.
Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
? 这类动词常见的有： tell advise show teach find out decide discuss
learn forget inquire know explain remember see understand wonder 等。
疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what where who(m) when how whether Eg : I don’t know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there. I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not.
We must find out what to do next / where to put it.
注1 ：如果作宾语的不定式结构后面还有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置 eg : I find it difficult to understand him. We thought it wrong not to help her.
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
注2 ：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语, 只有在个别场合, 即在含有否定意义的带有介词
except 或 but (=except) 的结构中才能这样用.
Eg : He seldom comes except to look at my pictures 注意不定式符号的省略问题！
do nothing but / except 后的不定式不带to.
需要注意的是,此句型中but/ except 前必须要有实义动词do时，but / except后的不定式to
才能省略，否则to则不省.我们用一句话概括就是： 有do无to，有 to无 do． Eg : She has no choice but to wait for the news. He could do nothing but wait.
He will do anything for you except lend you money.
注3 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同
remember to do 记住要做某事； remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
Eg : I remember seeing you somewhere before.
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 四 不定式结构作宾语补足语
1、只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词
① 表示“希望”“愿望”等心理状态的动词，如：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer,
encourage, trust 等。
Eg : What do you desire me to do?
The director preferred her to act the old lady.
②含有“让”“允许”“促使”“致使”等祈使意义的动词，如：let, allow, permit, decide, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, 等。 Eg : We mustn’t let this (to) happen again. His father put him to mind the sheep.
③ 带有“请求”“恳求”等感情色彩的动词，如：ask, desire, invite, beg, request, worry 等。
Eg : He begged me not to tell his father about it.
She was always worrying her father to take her to Paris.
④ 含有“建议”“劝告”等意义的动词，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。 Eg : He urged us to accept the compromise.
The dentist advised me to have the bad tooth pulled out. ⑤ 含有“命令”“强迫”“禁止”等意义的动词，如：order, command, require, charge, tell, make, oblige, force, drive, forbid, warn 等。 Eg : He required us to keep it a secret.
The doctor ordered him to stay in bed for a few days. I warn you not to do that again
⑥ 其他还有：help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。 Eg : He promised to teach me to swim.
We should train them to make use of reference books. We are waiting for the train to stop.
2、既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：
△ see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, observe, feel, have;
△ imagine, find, discover, like, want,
understand, hate, bring, get, leave, set Eg : Did you see anyone enter the house?
Don’t imagine yourself to be always correct. We find him to be dishonest.
注 ①：有些动词用不定式与用现在分词作宾语补足语，所表达的意义是有差别的。 不定式表示一次性动作或动作的完成（即全过程）
现在分词表示动作正在进行,即：谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。
Eg : Did you see anyone enter the house?
He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once heard him sing this song.
She heard Mr. White singing in the next room.
注②：使用不定式作宾语补足语时，在有些动词后面，不定式符号to 应当省略 不定式在下列动词后作宾语补足语时，要省略to “看”： see, look at, observe, watch, notice “听”：hear, listen to “感觉”：feel
使役动词：have, make, let
但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原： They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree. 需要注意have, make的用法： have, make用做使役动词
表“让，使，允许”等意，其后的不定式作宾补时，才可省to．
用作一般实义动词, have表示“有”，make表示“制造”，“做”等意义，且后面的不定式作目的状语，定语等时，不定式符号to不能省． Eg : I won’t have him cheat me. “允许”
I have a lot of work to do. “有” His story made us laugh. “使”
Father made a kite for his son to fly. “做”
△feel 在使用 to do 型不定式作宾语补足语时不带 to； 在使用 to be 型不定式时，要带 to， Eg : He felt them to be right.
Did you feel the earth shake?
△ help 一词在使用不定式作宾语补足语时，可以带to，也可以不带 to Eg : Do you often help your mother (to) do the housework?
不定式运用口诀
本领最多不定式， 主、表、宾、补、定和状。 样样成分都能干， 只有谓语它不敢。 大家千万要当心， 有时它把句型改， 作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七个感官三使役， 宾补要把to甩开； 疑问词后接上它， 宾语从句可充当；
相关推荐：
loading