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2020年中考英语之重点核心词汇详解专题11P字部(一)

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中考

专题十一 P字部(一)

1. pardon

n.原谅,宽恕,对不起v.原谅,宽恕

用法:

1pardon作名词,常见搭配为ask/beg one’s pardon (for sth.)请求某人原谅(某事)。例如: ○

He asked her pardon for having cheated her. 他欺骗了她,向她请求原谅。 2pardon作动词,常用于pardon sb. for doing sth.原谅某人(做)某事: ○

He could never pardon her for the things she had said. 他永远不会原谅她说的话。 3口语中常用pardon me表示一种礼貌用语,意为“对不起;劳驾”,或请求别人重复: ○

Oh, pardon me, I didn’t mean to disturb you. 噢,对不起,我不是有意要打扰你。 4口语中常常直接用Pardon?做语气词,表示“请再说一遍”(没听清,希望对方重复): ○

‘Hurry up Jonathan!’ ‘Pardon?’ ‘I said hurry up!’ “快点,乔纳森!”“你说什么啊?”“我说快点!”

(2019,湖北卷,单项选择)

35. —The game is too hard for me. I will certainly lose. — _______. You should never say no before you try.

A. Forget it! B. Come on! C. I’m sorry. D. Pardon me? 2. park

n.公园;v.停放(汽车等)

关联词组:forest park森林公园;amusement park游乐园;city park城市公园 熟词僻义:park还可作动词,表示“停放(汽车等)”,可接宾语,也可不接宾语: I couldn’t find anywhere to park. 我找不到地方停车。 She parked the car on the drive. 她把车停在了私人车道上。

词性转换:parking n.停车,泊车:No Parking禁止泊车;parking space/lot停车位/场

(2019,山东卷,词汇运用)

47. There is a big park ________(在旁边) the supermarket. I prefer to take a walk there. 3. part

n.部分;成分;角色;部件,零件

用法:

1表示“部分”,通常和of搭配: ○

In parts of Canada, French is the first language. 在加拿大的部分地区,法语是第一语言。 2表示“(机器,设备的)零件,部件”,常见词组:spare parts备用零件 ○

3表示“参与,参加;角色”,常见搭配有take part (in)参加;play an important part in在……中○

起重要作用:

About 40 students took part in the activity. 约有40名学生参加了活动。 Work plays an important part in our life. 工作在我们的生活中很重要。

词性转换:partly adv.部分的;在一定程度上;partial adj.局部的;partially adv.部分地;偏袒的;

中考

(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)

9.- Could you tell me ____________________?

- You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life.

A. when I should pay for the course B. what the best part of the course is

C. how long the shortest course lasts D. where I can go sightseeing after class 4. pass

v.传,递;经过;通过

用法:

1表示“传递,给”;pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物(传)递给某人;pass around分发,传阅;○

例如:

Can you pass me that bag by your feet? 能把你脚边的那个包递给我吗? 2表示“经过,越过”,既是及物也是不及物动词: ○

He gave me a smile as he passed. 他经过时对我微笑了一下。

3表示“穿过,前行”,不及物动词,通常接副词或介词短语作状语;例如: ○

We passed through the gates into a house behind. 我们穿过几道门进了后面的房子。 4表示“通过(考试),考试及格”,既是及物也是不及物动词: ○

Did you pass all your exams? 你考试都及格了吗?

词性转换:passage n.走廊,通道;一段(文章);passenger n.乘客,旅客 反义词:fail v.考试不及格;失败

(2019,山东卷,完形)After greetings, the gift should be passed immediately to the host. 5. pay

v.付钱,给……报酬

词形变化:过去式paid,过去分词paid

关联词组:pay back偿还;报复;pay off付清,还清;取得成功,奏效 用法:

1表示“付款,付钱给,支付”、“偿还,缴纳”,“付酬”等含义;pay的宾语可以是支付的对象,或支○

付的数目;不要在pay后面直接跟你要买的东西,要用pay for sth.的形式,其中pay后可以跟一定数量的钱。例如:

I’ll pay you in advance.我会预先付款给你。

I paid £100 for this jacket.我花了100英镑买这件夹克衫。 2固定搭配pay attention (to sb./sth.)表示“注意……”: ○

I’m sorry, I wasn’t paying attention to what you were saying. 对不起,我没有仔细听你说的话。 词性转换:payment n.付款,支付;报酬

(2019,浙江卷,单项填空)

9.- Could you tell me ____________________?

- You will stay with an English family and take part in their daily life. A. when I should pay for the course B. what the best part of the course is

C. how long the shortest course lasts D. where I can go sightseeing after class 6. peace

中考

n.和平

关联词组:world peace世界和平;peace of mind内心的宁静;make peace with与……讲和;言归于好 用法:peace为不可数名词,主要有两层含义:

1表示“和平,太平”,相对战争而言:war and peace战争与和平;peace talks和平谈判 ○

2表示“平静,安静,宁静”,相对吵闹、聒噪而言: ○

He just wants to be left in peace. 他只希望别打扰他。

词性转换:peaceful adj.和平的;爱好和平的;peacefully adv.平静地;

(2019,浙江卷,阅读C)But the peace ended the day the British man's pig decided to eat some of an American farmer's potatoes. 7. percent

n.百分之……

用法:

1常放在数字后面,表示“百分之几”,可用符号%表示: ○

a 10 percent (10%) increase in house prices 10%的房价上涨

2固定短语a/one hundred percent表示“百分之百地,完全地”,相当于completely: ○

I agree with you a hundred percent. 我百分之百同意你的看法。

关联单词:percentage n.百分比,百分数:The percentage of school leavers that go to university is about five percent. 中学毕业生上大学的比例约为5%。

(2019,山东卷,单项填空)

20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, _________ 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous. A. although B. because C. if 8. period

n.一段时间,时期;时代

用法:

1表示“一段时间,时期”,指时间长度,常和介词of连用。例如: ○

His playing improved in a very short period of time. 他的演奏技巧在很短时间内就有了提高。 2表示“时代,时期”,指历史或生活时期。例如: ○

Van Gogh’s early period 凡·高的早期生涯

词性转换:periodic(al) adj.周期的,定期的;periodically adv.定期地;周期性地;偶尔

(2019,山东卷,阅读A)Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss (听力丧失) ,because of

listening to loud noise for long periods of time. 9. person

n.人

关联词组:in person亲自;contact person联系人 用法:

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