倒挡齿轮端面加工

摘要

齿轮是机械传动中应用极为广泛的零件之一。齿轮，汽车行业主要的基础传动元件，通常每辆汽车中有18~30个齿轮，齿轮的质量直接影响汽车的噪声与平稳性以及使用寿命。 汽车变速器齿轮起着改变输出转速传递扭矩的作用，所以加工齿轮的要求相对要严格一些。变速器倒挡齿轮应具有经济精度等级高，耐磨等特点，以提高齿轮的使用寿命和传动效率，齿轮在工作时传动要平稳而且噪声要小，结合时冲击不宜过大。根据齿轮不同的技术要求选择不同的加工路线。包括如何去选取毛坯的锻造方法，和毛坯的加工余量及毛坯的公差，工艺路线的制定，相关工序的机床夹具量具的选取，工艺尺寸公差，位置公差，以及粗糙度的选取，同轴度和垂直度的选取。

关键词：齿轮毛坯设计，加工工艺路线，工艺性分析，加工的余量及其公差，装夹夹具，量具，加工机床。

Abstract

Mechanical transmission gear is extremely extensive one part. Gear, automotive industry, mainly on the basis of the transmission element, usually every car in 18 to 30 gears, gear directly affect the quality of the noise and the car's stability and service life.

Automobile transmission gear change output speed transmission torque plays a role, it requires working gear are relatively stringent. Transmission reverse gear should have economic high level of accuracy, wear characteristics, in order to improve the service life and efficiency of the transmission gear, the gear drive at work to have a smooth and noise to be small, the impact is not too large when combined. Choose different processing routes based on different technical requirements gears. Including how to select the method of forging blank, blank and blank allowances and tolerances, process route development, jigs and fixtures related to the process of measuring the selection process dimension tolerance, position tolerance, as well as the selection of the roughness, concentricity and vertical Degree.

Keywords: gear blank design, process route, process analysis, processing margin and tolerances, clamping fixtures, measuring tools, machine tools.

目录

摘要 ....................................................................................................................................................................... I Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................. II 绪论 .................................................................................................................................................................... IV 第一章 齿轮零件的分析 .................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1零件图（零件的正面剖视图和俯视图） ........................................................................................... 1 1.2零件的作用 ........................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3图纸的完整性的准确性 ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.4零件技术要求分析 ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.5零件的结构工艺性分析 ....................................................................................................................... 3

1.5.1零件结构 ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5.2结构工艺性分析 ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.5.3零件表面硬度分析 ................................................................................................................... 4 1.6零件生产纲领 ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.7零件生产类型 ....................................................................................................................................... 4 第二章 毛坯的选择和制造方法 ........................................................................................................................ 5

2.1毛坯的选择原则 ................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2毛坯的制造方法 ................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3毛坯的形状及加工总余量 ................................................................................................................... 7 第三章 定位基准的选择 .................................................................................................................................... 9

3.1 定位基准 .............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2 粗基准 ................................................................................................................................................ 10 3.3 精基准 ................................................................................................................................................ 10 第四章 加工工艺路线的制定及工艺装备的选择 ...........................................................................................11

4.1表面加工方法的选择 ..........................................................................................................................11 4.2确定加工工艺路线 ..............................................................................................................................11 4.3设备及工艺装备的选择 ..................................................................................................................... 13

4.3.1 设备的选择 ............................................................................................................................ 13 4.3.2 工艺装备的选择 .................................................................................................................... 13

第五章 加工余量、尺寸及公差 ...................................................................................................................... 15

5.1工序加工余量 ..................................................................................................................................... 15 第六章 切削端面 .............................................................................................................................................. 16

6.1切削Φ78mm端面 ............................................................................................................................... 16 6.2切削Φ105mm端面 ............................................................................................................................. 17 6.3编辑工序卡片 ..................................................................................................................................... 18 结论 .................................................................................................................................................................... 20 致谢 .................................................................................................................................................................... 21 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................................ 22

绪论

随着中国汽车业的飞速发展，汽车的需求量也日益增加。而齿轮最为汽车上不可缺少的部分，其需求量自然而然的随之增加，近年来，中国齿轮行业快速发展，行业规模不断扩大，齿轮行业已成为中国机械基础件中规模最大的行业。本次论文设计的内容是齿轮中的倒挡齿轮的加工，汽车上正是有了倒挡齿轮，汽车的操作方式才有了更多的变化，因此倒挡齿轮的作用非常重要。本次毕业设计研究的主要内容围绕如何加工出倒挡齿轮而展开，步骤包括对生产纲领的确定、倒挡齿轮零件的分析、齿轮毛坯的确定、工艺规程的制定、磨内孔工具的确定以及在加工过程中各种机床、夹具的选择。同时由于齿轮是一个较复杂的几何体，加工过程较为复杂，加工精度难以确定。因此如何确定齿轮的精度等级以及依据其精度等级确定相关控制参数的公差值，是齿轮设计的关键所在。传统的设计方法是依据经验用类比法，结合查表及大量繁杂的公式计算。这样的方法工作量大，且很难保证齿轮精度设计的合理性。因此需要借助计算机辅助软件对其进行计算，对齿轮精度的设计及其相关的数据进行计算机处理，使齿轮精度的设计达到快速、准确。同时将计算出的数据在CAD图纸上进行标注，这样才能制定出正确的加工工艺及程序，制造出合格的产品。