欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案
第一章 填空题:
1. Ｔhe riｃhnesｓ of Eｕｒopean Ｃulｔure was created ｂy ＿_______eleｍｅnt and _＿___＿＿_＿element. Greco－Ｒｏman Ｊudeo-Christｉan ２. Tｈｅ Homer’s epiｃs ｃoｎsｉstｅｄ of_＿_＿＿__＿＿. Iliaｄ and Ｏｄyｓｓｅy 3． ＿＿＿_____ ｉs ｔhe fｉｒｓt wriｔｅr ｏf “ｐroblｅｍ plays”. Ｅurｉｐiｄes 4. __＿___＿___ iｓ caｌleｄ “Ｆather ｏf History”. Ｈｅrｏdｏtuｓ
５． ＿__＿____is thｅ greaｔesｔ hisｔorｉan tｈat eｖer livｅd． Thucydideｓ 6. The dｉｖidinｇ rangｅ iｎ the Roman hｉstory refeｒs ｔo ＿__＿____. 27 B.C. ７. “I caｍｅ, I ｓaw， I cｏnquerｅd.” is a famｏus saying bｙ __＿＿＿__． Jｕｌｉuｓ Cａesar
8. The repｒesenｔａtiｏn form of Ｇreeｋ Democraｃy ｉs ___＿＿＿__＿_. ｃitizｅn-asseｍblｙ. 判断题
1. Ｅuclid sａys “Give ｍe ａ ｐlace tｏ stａｎd, and I wｉll movｅ the ｗorld”. （×) Archimedeｓ
2. Herodoｔus’s hiｓｔorical wｒitｉnｇ iｓ on ｔhe wａr beｔween Antｈeｎs aｎｄ Spａrta． (×） Greeｋs and Persians 名词解释:
1. Pａｘ Romaｎa
答：Ｉn the Ｒｏmａn hｉｓtory ,thｅre camｅ two hundreｄ years of pｅacｅful tiｍe, which was guａranｔeeｄ by ｔｈｅ Romaｎ lｅｇｉｏns, it ｗas ｋnown as Pａx Ｒoｍａnａ
2. “Ｄemocraｃy” iｎ ａncient Greｅce
答: １）Democｒaｃｙ ｍeanｓ “ｅxercise ｏf power by ｔhe whｏlｅ peｏpｌe”, but in Greece by “tｈe wholｅ peoplｅ” ｔｈe Greeks ｍeａnt oｎlｙ the adｕlｔ ｍale ciｔizeｎｓ.
2） Ｗｏmｅｎ, childrｅn， foｒeiｇners ａｎｄ slaｖeｓ weｒe exclｕdｅd from Demｏｃrａｃｙ. 论述题：
１. Hoｗ did ｔhe Greek Cｕltuｒｅ oriｇinate and devｅloｐ?
1) Pｒobabｌy ａrｏund 1２0０ Ｂ.C., a ｗaｒ waｓ fouｇht betｗeｅｎ Greｅce ａnｄ tｒｏy. Ｔhis is ｔhｅ ｗａr that Homeｒ refeｒｓ to ｉｎ ｈis epicｓ.
2) Grｅｅk cultuｒｅ rｅachｅd a hiｇｈ poｉnt ｏf devｅloｐｍent in ｔhe 5th ceｎｔur
ｙ B.C．
A． The ｓuccessfｕｌ reｐulse ｏf thｅ Persｉａn iｎvasｉon ｅarly in thｅ ５th ｃenｔury.
B． The establishmenｔ of demoｃrａcy.
Ｃ． The ｆlourishiｎｇ oｆ ｓcience, phiｌｏsophy, literatuｒe， art and histoｒiｃａl wrｉｔinｇ iｎ Ａthｅnｓ.
3)The ５th centuｒｙ closed with civiｌ wａｒ bｅtween Athenｓ and Sparta． ４） Ｉｎ tｈe seｃｏnd ｈalf of thｅ 4tｈ centｕrｙ B．C.， Greece waｓ cｏnquｅred by Aleｘanｄeｒ, kiｎｇ of Maceｄoｎ． Wｈenevｅr ｈe ｗenｔ and ｃoｎquereｄ， whenever Ｇrｅek culｔｕre waｓ ｆound．
５) Ｍｅlting betweｅｎ Gｒeｅk cｕlｔure anｄ Romａn cultｕre ｉn 14６ B.C., the Roｍans ｃonquｅrｅd Gｒｅｅｃe.
2. Wｈat is tｈｅ greaｔ ｓigｎiｆiｃance of Gｒｅｅk Cｕlturｅ oｎ tｈe ｌａtｅｒ-on cｕlturａｌ ｄevelopment?
答： Ｔhere ｈaｓ been an endｕring eｘｃｉteｍent aｂｏuｔ cｌａsｓical Greek cultuｒe in Europe and ｅｌsewheｒｅ Reｄｉｓcovｅry of Ｇｒeek culｔure played a ｖｉtal part in ｔhe Renaissａnｃe in Itａly anｄ ｏther Ｅuropean counｔｒies．
1) Sｐｉrit of innｏvａｔion
Thｅ Ｇreeｋ ｐeople inｖeｎted mathｅmatics and ｓｃｉence aｎd ｐhilosopｈy; Tｈey fｉrst wｒote ｈistory as opposｅd to ｍere annals; Tｈey sｐeｃulａted freely abｏuｔ the nature of ｔhe ｗorｌｄ and ｔhe ends of life, without bｅｉng boｕnd iｎ tｈe fｅtｔers of ａny inherｉｔeｄ ｏrｔｈodoｘy. 2） Suｐremｅ Achiｅvement
Tｈｅ Greeｋs achｉeveｄ supreme ａchievements iｎ ｎeａｒｌy aｌl ｆiｅlds oｆ hｕｍａｎ eｎdeaｖour: Pｈilosophy， sciｅnce， epｉc poetｒy， coｍedｙ, ｈistorｉcaｌ ｗriting, ａrｃhitecｔuｒe, etc. 3) Ｌasting effeｃt
A. Countlｅsｓ ｗriters ｈａｖe quｏteｄ, bｏrrowed from and otｈerwｉse used Homｅr’ｓ ｅpｉcs, thｅ tragediｅs of Aescｈylus anｄ Soｐhocles and Ｅuripｉdes, Aristophａnｅｓ’s coｍedies, Platｏ’s Diａloguｅｓ,ect.
Ｂ. In the ｅarｌy ｐart of tｈe １9th ceｎtuｒy， ｉn Eｎgland alｏｎｅ， three young Romantic poｅts exｐresseｄ theiｒ adｍiration of Greek cultｕre iｎ wｏｒｋｓ which hａｖe theｍseｌves ｂecoｍe ｃｌassicｓ: Ｂyrｏn’s Isｌes ｏｆ Greｅcｅ, Sheｌley’ｓ Hellaｓ ａnd Proｍetheｕs Ｕnｂoｕnd aｎd Keatｓ’s Oｄｅ on a Ｇ
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