不能使用被动语态的情况
情况 不及物动词和系动词无被动语态 例句 A fire broke out last night. 昨晚发生了火灾。 This coat doesn’t fit me. 这件外套不适合我。 某些表示状态的及物动词或及物动词短语The hall can contain two hundred people. 这个大厅可以容也不能用被动语态 纳200人。 反身代词或相互代词作宾语的句子不能用被动语态 宾语是不定式或动名词的句子不可用被动语态 We have helped each other for over two years. 我们相互帮助有两年多了。 Most people want to have their own house. 许多人想要有自己的房子。 It took him a long time to make up his mind. 他用了很久才当谓语动词和宾语构成一个不可分割的整下定决心。 体时，即固定短语，句子不可变为被动语态 Who’s going to take his place after he leaves? 他走了谁来顶替他？ 【知识拓展】 这样的短语常用的有： do one’s best尽力，尽最大努力 make a face做鬼脸 lose heart失去信心，丧失勇气
被动语态的特殊情况：
1. 不能用被动语态的几种情况：
（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。 （5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 2. 主动形式表被动意义的情况：
（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时。 （3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意思时。
（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 （5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。学
1. As time went on, Einstein’s theory __________ to be correct. A. proved C. is proved
B. proves
D. was proved
2. The retired worker likes getting up early. The air in the morning is good __________. A.to be breathed C. breathing
B. to breathe D. being breathed
3. I find the problems are easy __________. A. to be worked out C. to work out
B. to work them out D. to be worked them out.
4. Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she _________ that the cloth _________very well. A. has been told; washes C. was told; was washed
B. had been told; washed D. had been told; was washed
5. If so many raw materials_________ every day, they_________ in the future. A. run out; will be used up
B. run out; will be run out D. are run out; will run out of
C. are run out; will be using up
6. His computer, which cost him a sum of money several weeks ago, is out of order and wants _________, though it looks very new. A.to repair
B.to be repairing
C. repairing
D. repaired
7. —How about watching a film on Sunday?
—I can’t go to watch a film with a lot of homework _________. A. to be done
B. to do
C. doing
D. done
1. （2018 ? 江苏宿迁中考）This kind of pen __________, and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some.
A. writes well
B. writes good
C. is written well
D. is written good
2. （2016 ? 江西）The water __________ dark and dirty. It’s no longer safe to drink.
A. became
B. has become
C. will become
D. was becoming
3. （2017 ? 安徽）I am surprised at the new look of my hometown, for it __________ a lot over the years. A. changed
B. changes
C. will change
D. has changed
4. （2017 ? 山东泰安）With the development of science and technology, robot cooks __________ in our families in the future.
A. appear
B. appeared C. will appear
D. is appearing
5. （2017 ? 湖北省随州市中考）—What __________ if they __________ to the meeting late? —Sorry, I don’t know. A. will happen; go
B. happened; go C. happens; will go D. will happen; will go
6. （2017 ? 江苏省宿迁市中考）My grandparents __________ for over 60 years and they love each other very much.
A. have been married
B. got married C. were married
D. have got married
7. （2016 ? 湖南邵阳）We __________ for a picnic if it __________ rain this Sunday. A. will go; doesn’t
B. will go; won’t C. go; doesn’t
8. （2016 ? 江苏镇江）—Have you been to Suning Plaza(苏宁购物中心) in our city? —No. Although it __________ for more than a week, I’m far too busy to go there. A. has started
B. has been on
C. has been open
D. has opened
9. （2016 ? 山东青岛）William Shakespeare __________ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence
today.
A. died
B. was dying
C. has died
D. has been dead
1. —What’s the meaning of the activity ＂Let’s Save＂? —Paper shouldn’t ____________ in everyday life. A. waste
B. wasted
C. be wasted
D. is wasted
2. The Dongying-Hainan airline ____________ for about 5 months. I have taken the flights three times. A. is open
B. has opened
C. has been open
D. has been opened
3. My house ____________ when you visited Beijing last time, so I didn’t invite you to my home. A. was being decorated C. has been decorated
B. is being decorated D. was decorated
4. My e-mail ____________ to you last night. Have you received it ____________? A. sent；yet
B. is sent；already
C. was sent；yet
5. In the past few years, thousands of films ____________ all over the world. A. have produced C. are producing
B. have been produced D. are being produced
6. —It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school. —I think a bridge ____________ over the river. A. should be built C. has been built
B. is being built D. was built
7. The World Expo（世博会）____________ in Shanghai now. A. being had C. is holding
B. is having D. is being held
8. Now it’s much easier to shop online when your order is ready, the things you want to buy ____________to you soon. A. send
B. were sent
C. are sending
D. will be sent
【跟踪训练】
1. A【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的。prove＂证明是＂，这里用作连系动
词，要用主动形式表被动含义，故选A。
2. B【答案解析】考查主动表示被动。句意：这个退休工人喜欢早起。早晨的空气利于呼吸。在＂主语
+be+adj.+to do＂结构中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。
4. B【解析】考查动词。句意：后来史密斯夫人决定买这种布，因为有人告诉她这种布好洗。根据语境＂tell＂
这一动作发生在＂decided to buy＂之前，主语she与tell是被动关系，故第一空使用过去完成时的被动语态；wash是主动形式表示被动个含义，表示＂the cloth＂的特性，故第二空填washed。故选B。 5.A 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：如果(我们)每天用完如此多的原材料，将来它们将会被用光。run out
＂用完＂，是不及物动词词组，没有被动语态；use up是及物动词词组，可用被动语态。故选A。不及物动词(或动词短语)如happen, take place, break out等无被动式。如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past twenty years. 在过去的二十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6. C 【解析】考查被动语态。他几个星期前花了一大笔钱买的电脑，尽管看起来很新，但出了故障，需要
修理。want doing sth.＂需要做某事＂，可用主动形式表示被动含义，故选C项。
7. B 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：——星期天去看一场电影怎么样?——我有许多作业要做，不能去看了。
本题是＂with+名词/代词+不定式＂结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。故选B。 【真题再现】
1. A【解析】句意：这种笔写得很好，也很便宜。我想你可以买一些。考查动词语态和副词辨析题。write
写，动词，需用副词修饰，good是形容词，可排除B、D两项。write这个动作是由pen发出的，不可用被动语态，可排除C项。根据句意结构和语境，可知选A。
2. B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：水变得又脏又黑，已经不能继续安全饮用了。根据It’s no longer safe to
drink.可知，给现在带来的结果是不能饮用了，所以用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，故选B。
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