焊接专业英语

焊接专业英语上学期考试重点（石油）

汉译英

工程材料engineering materials 铸造缺陷casting defect 凝固 solidify

金属间化合物 inter-metallic compound 尺寸精度 dimensional accuracy 冷隔 cold shut 固定成本 fixed cost

弹性变形 elastic deformation 细晶组织 fine grain structure 压铸 press forging 型芯座 core print 浇不足misrun

黑色金属 ferrous materials 有色金属non-ferrous materials 延伸率 ratio of elongation 断面收缩率reduction in area 固溶体solid solution 离心铸造centrifugal casting 力学性能 mechanical property

金属热处理工艺heat treatment process of metals 结晶 crystallization 表面光洁度surface finish 造型moulding

可变成本 variable cost 塑性变形 plastic deformation 粗晶组织 coarse-grained structure 砂型铸造sand casting

浇注系统 gating system 孕育处理inoculation treatment

名词解释（中文）

Stress单位面积上的应力

nucleation结晶过程中首先形成的晶体胚芽

eutectic transformation（共晶转变）一定温度下，一定成分液体同时结晶出两种不同成分和不同晶体结构的固相的过程

eutectoid transformation（共析转变）两种或以上的固相（新相）从同一固相（母相）中一起析出而发生的相变

austenite碳在γFe中形成的间隙固溶体。

normalizing将工件加热到727-912摄氏度之间40—60分钟保温一段时间后在空气中冷却的金属热处理工艺去除内应力

pattern仿真铸件形状形成铸型型腔的工艺装备或易耗件 green strength材料在潮湿状态下测试强度 dry strength材料在干燥状态下测试强度

shrinkage cavity铸件最后凝固的区域没有得到液态金属的补缩而形成分散和细小的缩孔shrinkage porosity（缩孔）液态金属由于凝固过程中体积收缩形成的小孔 fettling浇注完成后铸件的清理

draft allowance（拔模斜度）为了让工件更好的脱离模具而认为设计的拔模角 strain材料在承受应力时产生的单位长度变形量 grain growth金属或合金晶粒随温度而长大的现象 pearlite铁素体和渗碳体组成的机械混合物

annealing（退火）将金属加热到一定温度，保持足够时间然后以适宜速度冷却目的降低硬度消除参与应力

riser（冒口）为避免铸件出现缺陷而附加在铸件上方或侧面的补充部分 hot tears一种常见的焊接缺陷

machining allowance（加工余量）加工过程中在工件表面所切去的金属层厚度，毛坯尺寸与零件图设计尺寸之差

句子翻译

①A detailed understanding of the manufacturing processes isthus essential for every engineer。This helps him appreciate the capabilities，advantages and also the limitations of the various manufacturing processes。

②Ferrous materials are extensively used in the engineering industry because of their superiority，range of mechanical properties and lower costs。

③When graphite is present as small ，round and well-distributed particles ，its weakening effect is small，this type of cast iron is called ductile iron.

④The actual value of shrinkage depends on various factors specific to a particular casting ,namely, the actual composition of the alloy cast,,mould materials used, mould design,complexity of the pattern and the component size.

⑤As a result of the movable core,with die casting method can produce more complex than permanent mould casting..

⑥One of the important responsibilities of the engineer is to find a way to meet the quality and technical requirements of the product at the lowest possible cost.

⑦In all non-ferrous alloys,aluminium,copper and their alloys are most widely used in engineering for their specific/special properties.

⑧When graphite in cast iron is in the form of sheet,, it will destroy the continuity of cast iron and reduce its strength..This kind of cast iron is called gray iron.

⑨The dimensional accuracy and surface finish achieved by normal sand-casting process would not be adequate for final application in many cases.

⑩An ideal gating system should ensure the mould should be completely

filled in the smallest time possible without having to raise the metal temperatures or use higher metal heads.

① The liquid alloy is filled with a mould, and the ability to obtain the correct size and shape of the casting is known as the filling ablity of the liquid alloy.

②Designers must consider the requirement which is the limitations of the casting and casting process for the casting structure when they design the structure for the sand casting.

填空

①制造工艺分类（casting, forming , fabrication(装配), material removal去除【process】）

②形变种类（elastic ，plastic 【deformation】）

③含碳量增加对钢性能影响(tensile拉伸strength is increased ,greater hardness is obtained ,ductility is decreased，weldability is decreased)

④模样余量的种类(shrinkage，finish or machining，draft，,shake ，distortion形变【allowance】) ⑤产品设计过程(Designing for economical moulding，Designing for eliminating defects消除) ⑥强度(The resistance offered by a material on application of external force is called strength,the strength could be tensile拉compressive压 or shear.剪切) ⑦Grain size achieved by nucleation形核 and growth.长大

⑧奥氏体The face-centred modification of iron is called austenite or γ-iron. ⑨Parting line分型线是组成砂型的两个砂箱之间的分割线。

⑩Casting terms（flask砂箱drag下箱cope上箱cheek中箱pattern模样parting line分型线bottom board底板facing sand面砂moulding sand型砂backing sand core型芯pouring basin外浇口spure直浇道runner横浇道gate浇口chaplet芯撑chill冷铁riser冒口mould cavity型腔）

①The elements of gating system(pouring basin，sprue，sprue base well，runner，runner extension) ②Shrinkage cavities（缩孔）在铸造中由发生在在凝固过程中的液态收缩导致形成。These are caused by the liquid shrinkage occurring during the solidification

of the casting.To compensate this，proper feeding of liquid metal is required as also proper casting design.

③Pattern(sand casting,shell moulding,precision investment casting精密)

④特种铸造(shell moulding,precision investment casting精密,permanent mould casting硬模,die casting,vacuum die casting真空压铸,low-pressure die casting低压,centrifugal casting,continuous casting连续,squeeze casting挤压)

⑤Hardness and hardness tess(Hardness is the resistance offered by a material to indentation压痕.Brinell hardness test，Rockwell tasts)

⑥The unit lattice structures晶格结构(body-centred cubic,face-centred，cubic,hexagonally close packed)

⑦铸造缺陷(Gas defects，shrinkage cavities，moulding material defects，pouring metal defacts，metallurgical defects冶金)

⑧ferrite铁素体（The structural form of pure iron at room temperature.） ⑨铜合金性能