宁波大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码： 244 总分值： 100
科目名称： 英语（二外） Part I Cloze Test (20 points, 1 point each)
Directions: In this part, you are required to read the given passage carefully, and then fill in each blank with an appropriate word given in the table. Each word is allowed to be used only once. You should not change the form of the word but you can capitalize the initial letter if the word is used at the beginning of the sentence. Write your choices in the Answer Sheet. Passage One
what why how that as but Have you ever heard of a condition known as “general paresis（麻痹性痴呆）of the insane”? Probably not. In the 19th century general paresis was one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. Its symptoms included odd social behaviors, impaired judgment, depressed mood and difficulty concentrating. Around the turn of the 20th century, 1 , we figured 2 it really was—a form of late-stage syphilis（梅毒）infecting although once though if the brain and disrupting its function. A few decades later we discovered a highly effective treatment: penicillin.
3 general paresis is now very rare, its example is still instructive. Any honest researcher will tell you we don’t currently have good explanations for most mental disorders. Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia(精神分裂症) —we don’t really know how these patterns of disrupted thought, behavior and emotion develop or 4 they stick around.
Yet the hope remains 5 , much like with general paresis, we may soon discover the root causes of these illnesses, and this knowledge may tell us 6 to treat them. An example of this hope can be seen in the popular notion that a “chemical imbalance” causes depression. This might turn out to be true, 7 the truth is we don’t know.
Some researchers are starting to think that for many mental disorders, such hope might be based on incorrect assumptions. Instead of having one root cause, 8 general paresis did, mental disorders might be caused by many mechanisms acting together. These mechanisms might be situated in the brain, but they could also be located in the body and even in the external environment, interacting with one another in a network to create the patterns of distress and dysfunction we currently recognize and label as varieties of mental illness. In this more complex view, patterns such as depression and generalized anxiety arise as tendencies in the human brain-body-environment system. 9 the patterns are established, they are hard to change because the network continues to maintain them.
10 the causal structures of many mental disorders are complex, how should we seek to illuminate
them? I think recognizing the complexity should push us to rethink how mental illness is studied. Passage Two
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