本科毕业设计-大学生通过联想记忆词汇的方法(2)

The experiment was set out on March 18, 2010 in order to testify the effectiveness of memorization memory. Two tests are designed among the subjects of the experimental and controlled group by 50 target words in one minute. The experimental and controlled groups should stay in one class during the experiment. The 50 target words were given to two groups. The experimental group was required to memorize the target words by association memory, while the controlled group was required to memorizing the target words by rote or by their own methods. Each group takes 30 minutes to memorize the target words. After 30 minutes learning both of groups should write the target words and meaning. The full scores are 100, 2 points for each target word. All the papers were examined and collected immediately after the test. A week later, the experimental and controlled groups were not noticed in advance and carried out the test of the target words again in the same way.

The results of two tests are listed in following table:

Table 1 Results of the Two Tests

Groups Experimental Group N=18 Control Group N=18

The result of the experiment proves that the association memory have a significant effect on memorizing English words for college students. Memorizing English words via association will improve the effectiveness and extend the period of the memorization of English words.

Scores of Test One 81 72 Scores of Test Two 63 39

2.3 Necessity of applying the association memory

The previous experiment has showed that association memory has a significant and positive effect on learning and memorizing English words for college students. When facing the current situation where college students commonly have a small size of vocabulary and lack practical memory ways, according to the experiment and the study, association memory can actually enhance college students’ ability to remember vocabulary. Association memory is a practical and efficient way, based on sounds, forms and meaning of word to make learners memorize words easily.

3. Association Memory

3.1 Definition of memory

The Ancient Greeks created radical memory systems called Mnemonics, a name originated from their Goddess of Memory. In the ancient society, a trained memory was an immense assets, especially in public life. And there were no easy methods for taking notes and associating things, and the reason that early Greek orators could maintain long-winded speeches very accurately is that they recited the speeches through Mnemonic systems.

Memorization is very important for vocabulary learning and using: if words can not be remembered, few are likely to be produced properly. Therefore, it involves memory if we want to extend vocabulary. Since Hermann Ebbinghaus, a Germany psychologist published his experimental report in 1885, memory has become one of the fields in which lots of psychological experiments have been done (Yang Zhiliang, Guo Liping & Chen Nin 1999:2). Memory is very essential for study. And the process of learning needs to use one kind of memory. If we have no record of what the ancient happened, and have no memory about the previous experience, we would find it hard to learn, think and recite. On condition that human being has the memory, can they have the knowledge of the past, the present and the future.

Most psychologists define the memory in following way: memory is the ability to recover information about past events or knowledge or experience, the process of recovering information about past events or knowledge and cognitive reconstruction. The brain engages in a remarkable reshuffling process in an attempt to extract what is general and what is particular about each passing moment. In the perspective of information processing, memory is to encode, store the input information and retrieve it under circumstances(Chen Xianchun 1998:108).Memory may be divided into short-term(also known as working or recent memory)and long-term memory. Short-term memory recovers memories of recent events, while long-term memory is concerned with recalling the more distant past.

3.2 Relationship between memory and association

When college students need to recite English words, they should transfer words from short-term memory into long-term memory in their brain. And many kinds of processes are involved in order to transfer them. One method of accomplishing this transfer is to understand the new information comprehensively. A more important way in which we can achieve this transfer is to associate the new information with the information that we already know and understand in order to integrate the new data into our existing schemes of stored information. This kind of association takes place when the new information is tied to a piece of previous and

familiar information or to a less difficult piece of information, which actually enhances the previous memory and provides a structure for retrieval.

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