习题
Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.
Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.
III. P.36
1. The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.
2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).
3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil辛苦工作 and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.
4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.
5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells小屋 everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.
6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.
7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.
8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.
9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting)． 10．Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．
11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the
community, that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal． 12．People with brown skins are almost invisible．
13．The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies．
14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。
15．Every white man，the onlookers，the officers on their horses and the white NCOs．marching with the black soldiers，had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．
IV. P.37-38 A.
1．butt：to strike, thrust or shove against, often with head or horns
2．navvy：abbreviation of “navigator”，a British word meaning an unskilled laborer，as on canals，roads，etc． 3．quarters：housing or accommodation, esp as provided for military personnel and their families
4．warp：bend, curve, or twist out of shape
5．self-contained：self-sufficient; having within oneself or itself all that is necessary
6．square: providing abundant nourishment 7. wretched：poor in quality, very inferior
8．mummified：thin and withered, looking like a mummy 9．damnably: in a damnable manner; deserving a curse
10. reach—me—down：(British colloquialism) second-hand or ready-made clothing
11．wide-eyed: exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity 12. charger：a horse ridden in battle or on parade C.
1. cry指因痛苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音，并伴以流泪。weep更具体，强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿地哭泣；wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；whimper 指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹。
2． flash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle指星星点点的闪光；glitter 指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光。 D.
1.After the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.
2. Although the dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.
3. If the educational program is to succeed, it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.
4. They have wasted their natural resources, which they should have protected and conserved.
5. Soon other settlers were coming in over the first rough trail which the Caldwell family had opened.
6. The Smithsonian Institute is constantly working, with little or no publicity, for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit.
7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions--passions of love and of hatred and revenge.
8. For a few days I dreaded opening the door of his office.
9. Concealed by the fog of early morning, I crawled out and made my way to the beach.
10. Leaving the door of the safe unlocked and taking the leather bag of coins, I walked down the street toward the bank.
Ⅴ. See the translation of the text．
Read, think and comment:
\on the farm is an eternal battle against nature\is the topic sentence. This paragraph lacks unity. It is a bad piece of writing. The writer of this paragraph has completely forgotten what he had started out to say. Instead of being an \battle\life in this paragraph becomes a pleasant and exciting experience--which it probably is, but that is not what the writer set out to prove.
A sample:
Shack棚屋 Dwellers in Old Shanghai
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At the edge of Old Shanghai, there were some areas neglected by the splendid city: they were desolate, dirty, and lay humbly at the foot of high-rise factory chimney. From the point of view of the city residents, these places were not suitable for men. There, however, did live crowds of creature called human beings. They dwelled in the shacks they built themselves. A shack was made up of mud and dried hay--the former being the component of walls and the latter being the roof. Usually there was a small door with a thin wooden board and seldom was there any window. One could easily touch the roof with his hand. The shack was small and dim昏暗的, thus the door was seldom kept closed. When it rained or blew, there was no more difference inside than outside.
How did they manage to live? Some of them were road builders: they dug hard with a pickaxe镐；鹤嘴锄, pulled a huge stone roller石滚筒；碾子 to flatten the road, or dug gutters underground all the day. Some made a living by wheelbarrow独轮手推车. With a load of nearly 500 kilogrammes, they pushed forward sweating all over. Some dragged their rickshaws黄包车; 人力车. And among those shack dwellers
were many industrial workers, male and female. When a child grew to be thirteen, he or she started to work in a factory. In short, the vast majority of the people did toil苦工 but got a slight gain.
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