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Ⅰ 阅读理解
(2019·石家庄教学质量检测二)No spacecraft will ever land on the sun. The sun is a flaming ball of gas that reaches thousands of degrees Fahrenheit. But this year, a ship from closer to it than any man-made craft has flown before. The mission(任development for scientists and, maybe, for everyone else.
In the summer of 2018, NASA plans to launch the Parker Solar
the probe is expected to reach the sun’s corona(日冕). That’s the sun’s outer atmosphere of gas.
Getting there won’t be easy. Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the sun’s heat has proved difficult. But that hasn’t stopped engineers from trying. Temperatures in the corona can reach millions of degrees. The probe will limit itself to regions where things get no hotter than 2，500. That’s still a heavy heat load for a spacecraft. But a 4.5-inch-thick heat shield(护罩) will protect the probe’s camera and scientific instruments.
NASA says the data the probe collects could provide knowledge into the physics of stars. Our sun is special to us. But as a star, it’s rather common. So the better we understand how it works, the better we understand all stars of mass and colors.
Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms. During solar storms, charged particles stream through the solar system. They can disable communications satellites and shut down power systems. One study has found that a very intense solar storm could cause up to $2 trillion in damage in the U．S. alone. It could also black out the East Coast for a year.
Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect ourselves. That could make even a mission with a billion-plus price tag one of NASA’s great bargains.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。2018年夏天，美国航空航天局计划发射Parker Solar Probe(帕克太阳探测器)，该探测器收集到的数据有利于研究太阳及太空中的其他恒星，更重要的是，这还会让我们了解有很大的破坏作用的太阳风暴，从而预测它们，保护我们自己。
1．What can we learn about the probe?
A．It’ll fly closer to the sun than the previous ones. B．It’s the first man-made instrument to fly to the sun. C．It’ll get to the core of the sun in nearly two months. D．It’ll fly about 3.85 million miles to reach the corona.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But this year, a ship from Earth will fly closer to it than any man-made craft has flown before.”可知，今年要发射的宇宙飞船比以往的任何人造飞行器都更加靠近它(太阳)，故答案是A。
2．What is the challenge for the engineers?
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Earth will fly 务) is a big Probe. After a
journey of nearly 90 million miles, it will fly within 3.85 million miles of the sun. Within two months of launching,
A．Directing the probe to collect data. B．Reducing the temperature of the probe. C．Building a shield against the heat. D．Limiting the probe to proper regions.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“challenge”和“engineers”定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段中的“Designing a spacecraft tough enough to hold up to the sun’s heat has proved difficult. But that hasn’t stopped engineers from trying.”和“But a．..instruments.”可知，对工程师来说，设计出能够到达太阳日冕的宇宙飞船的挑战在于研发能够抵挡太阳的“高温”(heat)的护罩，故答案是C。
3．What might be the best title? A．Exploring the Stars B．Getting Close to the Sun C．Designing a Spaceship D．Protecting Earth
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了美国航空航天局打算2018年夏天发射宇宙飞船到达太阳日冕的事情，这次飞船将比以往任何人造飞行器更加靠近太阳。题目要体现出文章的核心词 “太阳”，故答案是B。
4．Where does the value of the mission lie? A．Monitoring satellites. B．Exploring solar energy.
C．Developing scientific instruments. D．Forecasting solar storms.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“value of the mission”定位到文章的第五、第六段。根据第五段第一句“Perhaps the most important is what the probe may show us about solar storms.”和第六段第一句“Understanding solar storms might allow us to predict them and protect ourselves.”可知，帕克太阳探测器所收集到的数据能让我们更多地了解太阳风暴，从而预测它们，保护我们自己。故答案是D。
Ⅱ 七选五
(2019·贵阳第一学期检测)Reading is an interesting and useful thing. You can read a novel or a poem. But do you know how to read? Here’s some advice for you.
Define your purpose of reading. Before you start reading, ask yourself why you are reading this book.1. . Being specific and clear about your reading purpose not only helps you to eliminate books that you don’t need to read, it also reminds you why reading the book is important to you as you are reading it.2. ．
3． ．Whether you are reading fiction or nonfiction, it’s important to enjoy what you read. Your friends may recommend books that they love, but those books might not necessarily be the ones you enjoy.
Give up books that you don’t enjoy. You may have selected books that are aligned(使一致) with your purpose.4. ．But as you are reading them, there may still be some books that you won’t enjoy reading. Whenever you realize that you aren’t enjoying the book you are reading, give it up. Remember reading shouldn’t be
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a chore(令人厌烦的工作)．
Give yourself a deadline to complete each book. Before you read each book, ask yourself when you need to complete this book. When you don’t set a deadline to complete your book, there isn’t a sense of urgency.5. ， you tend to procrastinate(拖延)．
A．When something is urgent B．When something isn’t urgent C．Because reading is very important D．Read only what you are attracted to
E．You may have selected books that you are attracted to
F．Most people read for two main reasons—pleasure or knowledge G．This motivates you to keep reading and complete the book faster 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，提供了几条阅读的建议。
1．F 解析：上文提到要明确你阅读的目的，在你开始阅读之前，问问自己为什么要读这本书，而F项指出，大多数人阅读的原因有两个，一个是快乐，一个是知识，前后语义衔接，故选F项。F项中的“two main reasons—pleasure or knowledge” 与文中的purpose相呼应。
2．G 解析：上文说明确你的阅读目的不仅可以帮助你排除你不需要阅读的书，这也提醒你读(正在读的)这本书的重要性，这会激励你不断地阅读并更快地完成这本书，故G项与此处匹配。
3．D 解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为段落主题句。下文说无论你读的是小说还是非小说类纪实作品，享受你所读的东西是很重要的。D项 “仅阅读能够引起你的兴趣的东西”，概括准确，故选D。其中 “what you are attracted to” 与 “enjoy what you read” 相呼应。
4．E 解析：上文提到你可以选择与你的阅读目标相一致的书，E项提到你可能选了一些能够引起你的兴趣的书，前后语义衔接，故选E。
5．B 解析：下文说你倾向于拖延，且空处后为逗号；结合空前一句可知，空处所在句表示当事情并不紧急时，你有拖延的倾向，前后语义一致，故选B。
Ⅲ 语法填空
(2019·安徽知名示范高中联合质检)Have you ever thought about the best meal you have ever eaten? For many people, it isn’t just about the quality of the food; it’s also about great memories of a particular vacation or the person it was shared 1. . We asked 100 famous chefs from around the world 2. their best meals were, and we got some 3. (interest) answers.
As the researchers expected, 30% of the chefs 4. (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the most as an adult. 20% 5. (consider) a meal in a fancy restaurant as the best one
in their lives, and another 10% said that a meal while they were on vacation with their wife 6. husband was the best of all time. 15% said that a simple meal that they often cooked at home ranked 7. (high) than any other meals, and the same number said that their best dish was something they made at the place where they worked. 8. (surprising), 10% of these chefs said that their favorite meal of their entire lives was at a fast food restaurant! These best 9. (cook) in the world would pick McDonald’s or KFC if they - 3 -
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