2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
考生注意事项 1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题纸指定位置的边框区域内，写在其它地方无效。
3. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔书写，涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
4. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册一并装入试题袋中交回。
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, ___1___ to understand their negative harder, consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. ___2___ one and the others become distorted.
Travel on a London bus and you’ll ___3___ see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to, ___4___ that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are ___5___. How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
Why? Because the target is ___6___. People complained that buses were late and infrequent. ___7___, the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were ___8___ or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they_ ___9___ hit cyclists. If the target was changed to ___10___ you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more ___11___ drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
There is another ___12___: people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you ___13___ that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a ___14___ is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.
The ___15___ of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple
criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well ___16___ others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a ___17___. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
This is not an argument against target setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria ___18___ critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to ___19___ just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better ___20___ the objective.
1.A. therefore B. again 2.A. identify B. assess 3.A. curiously B. quickly 4.A. check B. prove 5.A threatened B mocked 6.A. hospitality B. competition 7.A. Yet B. Besides 8.A. rewarded B. trained 9.A. rather B. also 10.A comfort B. efficiency 11.A cautious B. quiet 12.A. purpose B prejudice 13.A. revealed B noticed 14.A. break B. departure 15.A. background B. moral 16.A. sacrifice B. criticize 17.A. secret B. cost 18.A. relating to B. calling for 19.A. predict B restore 20.A. review
B. achieve
C. moreover C. emphasize C. eagerly C. recall C. ignored C. punctuality C. Still C grouped C. once C. security C. diligent C. policy C. admitted C. transfer C. style C. tolerate C. product C. accounting for C. specify C. present
D. however D. explain D. nearly D. claim D. blamed D. innovation D. So D. hired D. only D. revenue D. friendly D. problem D. reported D. trip D. form D. interpret D. task D. leading to D. create D. modify
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1 \plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.
We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percent of the \very short timeline.
The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy, though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers, even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.
With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February.at 3.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent respectively, unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.
Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks, no matter who pays for it. But even if you cannot close that gap, maybe you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. That seems to be the
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