阅读理解--------词义猜测题
一、 定义法
即根据文章中的定义关系确定生词的词义。在be, be called, call等判断词出现的判断句中，可根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。
e.g. A glacier is a river of ice.
e.g. A linguist is a person who studies the science of language. Exercises:
1. Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons.
A. 地理学 B. 生态学 C. 心理学 D. 考古学 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. A. 考古学 B. 古生物学 C. 人类学 D. 男性学 二、释义法
即根据文章中所提供的释义关系来确定生词的词义。 e.g. They described him as a loon, or a mad man.
e.g. It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily. Exercises:
1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. A. 包含 B. 取消 C. 取代 D. 规定
2. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.
A. 危险的 B. 潜在的威胁 C. 有害的 D. 致命的 三、同位语修饰法 I. 同位语
对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，通过其后同位语的“说明或解释”来确定其词义。
同位语前常用or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.e.等副词或短语出现。 e.g. His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. Exercise:
1. Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
A. 文学 B. 语义学 C. 修辞学 D. 词源学
2. A person or a thing beyond comparison, a model of excellence, is known as a paragon. A. 模特 B. 模范 C. 例子 D. 对象 II. 定语从句
e.g. There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery… Exercises:
1. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
A. 骗子 B. 道士 C. 变戏法者 D. 风水师
2. The strict officer is a martinet, a person who demands total obedience（服从） to rules, discipline and orders.
A. 专制的人 B. 软弱的人
C. 强硬的人 D. 要求严格服从纪律和命令的人 四、对比法
根据文章前后的对比关系确定生词的词义。表示对比关系的词或短语主要有unlike, not, but, however, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of, in contrast和while引导的并列句等。
e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck will remain grubby.
e.g. He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated. Exercises:
1.
The football game is getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still
as dozy as she usually was.
A. 昏昏欲睡的 B. 亢奋的 C. 欣喜若狂的 D. 麻木的
2. Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
A. 谦卑又谦虚的 B. 怀疑的 C. 目空一切的 D. 伟大的
3. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. A. 混乱 B. 有序 C. 粗糙 D. 适宜 五、构词法
根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义。 e.g. Overwork may cause diseases.
e.g. There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.
e.g. He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes. Exercises:
1.
I’m illiterate about such things.
A. 不知道的 B. 熟知的 C. 熟练的 D. 清楚的 六、语境法
根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。
e.g. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. Exercises:
1.
All his attempts to unlock the door were futile, because he was using the wrong key.
A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C. 有效的 D. 仓促的
2. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero. A. 英雄 B. 主角 C. 偶像 D. 象征 七、列举法
通过对文章所列举的事物来猜测生词的词义。
e.g. Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys. e.g. In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Yorker. 八、类属法
通过类属关系来推测词义。
e.g. Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas. Exercises：
1. Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, belief and tradition that people have handed down from generation to generation.
A. 神话 B. 民俗传统 C. 信仰 D. 民间 九、常识法
根据普通常识推测生词的词义。
e.g. It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. e.g. As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.
Exercises:
1.
A food that contains good and healthy things is nutritious.
A. 有营养的 B. 鼓励的 C. 珍贵的 D. 稀少的 十、推理法
根据文章的前后语境推出生词的词义
e.g. The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
e.g. Everyone agreed that woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.
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