年 级 教学目标 高三 学 科 英语 目标一：高考题型分析 目标二：综合训练 Part 1 阅读理解分析 阅读理解 选择题 30分，分值就告诉了我们这个部分有多重要了，类型以日常生活，社会文化，科技知识，广告消息为主。科技的比较难一点，别的都是我们所熟悉的话题。 通过详细分析历年高考英语试卷，我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题。 A. 主旨大意题 1.归纳标题题 特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见 C. 推理判断题 主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。 1.细节推理判断题 一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有： It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that ____. The author implies/ suggests that____. 2.预测推理判断题 根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有： What do you think will happen if/when…? 3.推测文章 The passage is probably take out of____ The passage would most likely be found in____ Where does this text probably come from? 4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。 询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解释)，prove (证明))。询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的)，sympathetic(同情的)，=satisfied(满意的)，friendly(友好的)等. 特别提示： 推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。 ①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项； ②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。 ③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。 D. 词义猜测题 考点： ①猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义； ②对文中的多义词或词组进行定义； ③判断某个代词的指代的对象； 特别提示： 1.通过因果关系猜词 有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus等等)表示前因后果。 2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。 通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。 3.通过构词法猜词 根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词词义。如：She is unlikely to have stolen the money. ( “un”含否定意义，故为“不太可能”之意。) 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为\久旱\，\旱灾\。 5.通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 6. 根据常识猜词 如：The door was so low that he hit his head on the lintel.（lintel “过梁”。） 巩固练习：阅读理解 1 Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious (难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places － and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue. Don’t forget the clock － or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it,actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake (摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass. 26. The text is especially helpful for those who care about . A.their home comforts B.their body shape C.house buying D.healthy diets 27. A home environment in blue can help people . A.digest food better B.reduce food intake C.burn more calories D.regain their appetites 28. What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A.Eat quickly. B.Play fast music. C.Use smaller spoons. D.Turn down the lights. 29. What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Is Your House Making You Fat? B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 26. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。由第一段第一句“你的房子可能影响到你的,体形”可知答案。 27. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。第三段介绍了颜色对食欲的影响。由第二句“在蓝色的房间里吃饭比在黄色或红色的房间里吃得少”可知答案选B:减少食物的摄入。 28. 【答案】C 【解析】细节判断题。文章的后两段建议我们吃饭要慢,至少30分钟;听令人放松的音乐;餐具要小。由此可知A、B、D都是错误的。 29. 【答案】A 【解析】标题判断题。本文讲述的就是房子对你的体形的影响。所以A正确。B吃饭的方法;C自我意识
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