[仿写]________________，I think Ye Shiwen has done rather well. 考虑到目前的条件，我认为叶诗文已做得相当出色。
2．The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.(see作谓语，使用了拟人修辞手法) 近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。 [仿写]________________ the rapid development of China. 过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。
答案 1.Given the present conditions 2.The last 30 years have witnessed/seen 【联想·积累】 given用法小结
(1) given用作介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”。
(2)表示“考虑到??；倘若，假设??”时，given后还可接that从句。
Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用 转述结构；被动语态(Ⅲ) 单句语法填空
1．The plan is going to ____________(carry) out next week. 2．I was made ____________(copy) ten pages of the book. 3．The film is worthy ____________(see)．
4．He said he ____________(go) to Beijing to pay a visit to his uncle the next day. 5．The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ____________(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
6．*In many people's opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant ____________(deal) with.
答案 1.be carried 2.to copy 3.to be seen 4.would go 5.laid 6.to deal 【联想·积累】
主动形式表示被动意义小结
?主语＋be ＋adj.＋to do：不定式一般用主动式。当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。
?be worth后常接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
?need，want，require，deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
[单 词 点 睛]
1．trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套；捕捉器
[教材原句]Because of the greenhouse effect，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。 写出下列句中trap的词性和含义
①Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.____________
②Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.____________ ③The only thing the wolf could do was climbing up to the ground from the trap.____________
④It's no longer possible to trap a sensible man into marriage.____________ ⑤The police set a trap to catch the thief.____________ (1)trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套 be/get trapped in 被困在??中 (2)fall into the trap of doing sth 落入??的圈套 set/lay a trap for 为??设圈套 ⑥Don't fall ________ the trap of ________(invest)all your money in one place. 不要把你所有的钱都投资到一个地方，那样做不明智。
⑦I was trapped into ________(admit)I had done something wrong.我被诱骗承认我做错了事。
答案 ①vt.使困住 ②n.捕鱼器 ③n. 陷阱 ④vt.诱骗 ⑤n. 圈套 ⑥into； investing ⑦admitting
【联想归纳】表示“被困于??中”的短语还有： ①be/get locked in ②be/get caught in ③be/get stuck in ④be/get blocked in
2．reserve vi.储备；保存；保留；预订n.保护区；储备
[高考例句](2013·广东，阅读A)The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only.
想象的力量不必仅仅为儿童保留。 (1)a nature reserve 自然保护区 in reserve 贮存；备用 (2)reserve sth for sb/sth 为某人/某物保留、预定?? (3)reservation n. 保留；预订(房间、座位等) make a reservation 预订(座位、房间等) ①I'd like to reserve a table ________ three at eight o'clock.我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。
②Margaret made a ________(reserve)at/in her favorite hotel in Singapore. 玛格丽特订了她在新加坡最喜欢的饭店。 答案 ①for ②reservation
3．advocate vt.主张，提倡 n．提倡者，拥护者
[高考例句](2015·浙江，满分作文)Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.
很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。
(1)advocate (doing) sth 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事 advocate that...主张??，从句谓语动词用(should＋动词原形) (2)be an advocate of/for ??的提倡者/拥护者 ①We advocated that everyone in our school ________(donate)some money to the earthquake－stricken area.
我们提倡在学校里的每个人都为地震灾区捐些钱。
②Do you advocate ________(ban) cars in this city centre？你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗？
答案 ①(should) donate ②banning
4．substitute vt.& vi.(用??)替代；取代n.代替品，代用品
[教材原句]After all，there's no substitute for our Earth.毕竟，地球是不可取代的。 (1)a substitute for...??的替代者 (2)substitute A for B ＝ substitute B with/by A用A代替/取代B substitute for 代替，取代 ①She is seeking ________ substitute ________ the very man whose departure made her cry.
那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补空缺。
②We substitute the red balls ________ the blue ones，to see if the baby would notice. ＝We substitute the blue balls ________ the red ones，to see if the baby would notice. 我们用红色球代替蓝色球看是否能够引起宝宝的注意。 答案 ①a；for ②for；with/by
5．means n．方式，方法；手段
[高考例句](2015·重庆，写作二)In addition，we have more choices by means of wild release.
此外，通过自由分享的方式我们有更多选择。 means of(doing)sth (做)某事的方法、途径 by means of 借助??的手段 by all means 可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必 by no means 决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后倒装) by this means 用这种方法 ①It is ________________ clear what the president can do to end the strike. 总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。
②Only by this means ________________ possible to persuade him. 只有用这种方法才能说服他。
③By no means ________________ be separated from practice. 学校教学决不能脱离实践。
④As is known to us all，Ye Shiwen succeeded ________________ hard working. 众所周知，叶诗文依靠刻苦训练而获得成功。
答案 ①by no means ②is it ③can teaching in school ④by means of
【名师指津】 means“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形，当means作主语且有every，each等表示单数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等表示
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