专题八 名词性从句
考点1 what引导的名词性从句
1．A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not________ships are built for.(2015·安徽，25)
A．what B．whom C．why D．when
2．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015·浙江，6) A．what B．who C．that D．whoever
3．Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015·陕西，19) A．what B．that C．why D．how
4．—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me.(2014·江苏，26) A．how B．what C．that D．who 考点归纳
what引导的名词性从句是历年高考的热点，what在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等。 What can be done today can’t be put off till tomorrow. 今天能做的事不要推到明天去做(今日事今日毕)。
Computers can only give out what has been stored in them. 计算机只能提供贮存在它里面的信息。
This is what we have been doing these days. 这就是我们近日来一直在做的事。
考点2 when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句
1．We must find out ________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆，8)
A．when B．how C．where D．why
2．________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京，35)
A．Where B．How C．Why D．When
3．The exhibition tells us________we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四川，8)
A．where B．why C．what D．which
4．________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won’t accept it.(2015·江苏，25) A．That B．Why C．Where D．How
5．You have to know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015·湖南，26)
A．what B．that C．where D．who
6．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s ________ I was born.”(2014·四川，2)
A．when B．how C．why D．where 考点归纳
连接副词指的是既具有副词的特点，同时又能引导从句的词，主要有when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever等。这些词在从句中既作特定的成分，又有具体的含义，不能省略。大多数连接副词表示疑问意义。 When we shall meet again is unknown.
我们何时才能再相见还不知道呢。(when引导主语从句，表示疑问) I don’t know how I can get out of such trouble.
我真不知道如何才能摆脱这种困境。(how引导宾语从句，表示疑问) This is where the accident happened.
这是事故发生的地方。(where引导表语从句，不表疑问) I have no idea why he left here.
我不知道他为什么离开这里。(why引导同位语从句，表示疑问) 考点3 连词whether和that引导的名词性从句
1．I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.(2015·北京，33) A．that B．where C．what D．why
2．It remains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.(2013·陕西，20)
A．that B．which C．what D．whether
3．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.(2013·浙江，16) A．how B．that C．which D．whether 考点归纳
that，whether既不是连接代词也不是连接副词，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起到连接从句的功能。that没有实际意义，而whether意为“是否”。 That you don’t like him is none of my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。(主语从句)
It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.(2011·重庆，22)
老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。(主语从句) I don’t know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。(宾语从句)
The fact is that we should depend on ourselves. 事实就是我们应该依靠自己。(表语从句)
We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。(同位语从句) 考点4 wh-ever引导的名词性从句
1．Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014·北京，33) A．whatever C．wherever
B．whenever D．however
2．________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.(2013·江西，30) A．Whoever C．Whichever
B．Whatever D．Wherever
3．We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(2012·福建，35) A．who C．whoever
B．whom D．whomever
考点归纳
whichever，whatever，whoever引导名词性从句，它们本身有词义，既有连接从句的作用，又在从句中分别充当主语、宾语、定语成分。起强调作用，意思是“无论……，不管……”。 The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者奖励。(宾语从句) I believe whatever he says. 我相信他所说的一切。(宾语从句)
Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps. 不论谁，要想达到一个远大的目标，就必须采取许多细小的步骤。(主语从句) 解题方法
方法1 位置判断法
根据名词性从句的句子特点及其所处的位置，判断出属于哪一种从句，从而确定连接词的种类，也有助于对句子的理解。 What he said astonished us.
他所说的话使我们很惊奇。(从句在主语位置，为主语从句) Everything depends on whether you have enough money.
一切都看你是否有足够多的钱。(从句在介词后，作介词的宾语，为宾语从句) The question is where we’ll go this Sunday. 问题是我们这周日去哪儿。(从句在is后，为表语从句) He expressed the hope that he would come to China again.
他表达了再来中国的愿望。(从句在抽象名词后，对名词进行解释说明，为同位语从句) (1)________ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. A．Whether B．What C．That D．How 答案 B
解析 句意为：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。分析句子可知，________ some people regard as a drawback为主语从句，且从句中缺宾语，只能用what来引导；that引导主语从句不作成分。
(2)One reason for her preference for city life is ________ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A．that
B．how
C．what 答案 A
D．why
解析 系动词is之后是一个表语从句，而从句的结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。
方法2 语序判断法
一般来说，名词性从句中(当然不只是名词性从句，其他从句也是如此)，从句的语序要用陈述语序，这样也就很容易作答了。
When changing lanes，a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know ________.
A．he is entering which lane B．which lane he is entering C．is he entering which lane D．which lane is he entering 答案 B
解析 which引导的句子作know的宾语，句子用陈述语序。故B项为正确答案。 方法3 句子成分分析法
看从句缺不缺成分，不缺就用that，whether或if；缺成分就用wh-类连接词(包括how，because等)。
(1)We haven’t discussed yet ________ we are going to place our new furniture. A．that C．what 答案 D
解析 句意为：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。分析句子可知，此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。
(2)As a new graduate，he doesn’t know ________ it takes to start a business here. A．how C．when 答案 B
解析 句意为：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。空格后的宾语从句中takes是动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。
B．what D．which B．which D．where
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