⑤ mass production or use of asbestos powder or containing more than 10% of free silica powder of the construction project;
⑥ labor administrative department to confirm the other risk, risk factors, large construction projects.
(2) security evaluation and acceptance
Safety and acceptance in the construction project evaluation is completed, the test works correctly, through the facilities of construction projects, equipment, devices and management of actual health status of the safety assessment of construction projects put into operation to find the existence of dangerous and harmful factors to determine the extent of and to make reasonably practicable the safety countermeasures and suggestions.
(3) evaluation of safety status
Security status of device evaluation, also known as in-service safety assessment, for a certain production units (enterprises) in general or local production and business activities of the security status of safety evaluation, to find the existence of dangerous and harmful factors and to determine its extent, proposed: reasonably practicable the safety countermeasures and suggestions.
(4) special safety evaluation
Special safety assessment for a particular activity or place, and a specific industry, products, production methods, production process or production unit, presence of dangerous and harmful factors in the safety evaluation, to find the existence of dangerous and harmful factors to determine the extent feasible and reasonable security countermeasures and suggestions. Such as the 2002 State Administration of Work Safety to carry out a \chemicals.\
2. Quantify the degree of classification based on the evaluation (1) qualitative evaluation
Qualitative evaluation is mainly based on experience of the production system technology, equipment, environment, personnel, management and other aspects of the security situation in qualitative judgments. Qualitative evaluation does not quantify
the risk of treatment, only for qualitative comparison. Qualitative evaluation using systems engineering approach to decompose the system, relying on evaluation of personnel, the ability to observe and analyze, by means of the relevant regulations, standards, norms, experience and ability to judge for evaluation. Belong to this type of evaluation methods have safety checklist (Safety Check List, abbreviation SCL), pre-risk analysis (Preliminary Hazard Analysis, abbreviation PHA), fault type and impact analysis (FailureMode Effects Analysis, abbreviation FMEA), risk and operability study (HazardandOperabilitySmdy abbreviation HAZOP) and other methods. Such method is characterized by simple, easy to grasp, easy to operate, the results of the evaluation process and intuitive, you can clearly express the equipment, facility or system's current status, current corporate security management at home and abroad are widely used. Its disadvantages are: evaluation of the results can not be quantified; evaluation of the results depends on evaluation of the experience, the experience with a very high component; evaluation of the same object, different evaluators may come to different results of the evaluation; description of the hazards and risks of lack of depth , evaluation of objects of different types of evaluation results are not comparable; evaluators need to determine the number of evaluation based on the evaluation of the basis has been set according to the equipment, facility or system given the current state of qualitative evaluation results.
(2) quantitative evaluation
Quantitative evaluation is to use equipment, facilities or systems the probability of accidents and accident severity evaluation method. Quantitative risk assessment is based on a quantitative assessment, rely mainly on historical statistical data, use mathematical methods to evaluate the mathematical model structure. Click on the different ways of quantifying risk, quantitative evaluation methods are divided into probabilistic risk assessment methodologies and indicators for evaluation.
① probabilistic risk assessment methods
It is based on components or subsystems of the probability of the accident, strike the entire system, the probability of the accident. 1974 La Simu Professor Johnson began to evaluate the safety of nuclear power plants, followed by a 1977 British
Kanwei Island petrochemicals risk assessment in 1979 for 19 large German nuclear power plant risk assessment in 1979 Germany six large-scale petrochemical plant risk assessment, are using a probability evaluation. The evaluation of the project have spent a lot of manpower, material resources, the method of discussion, data choices, uncertainty of research and disaster research models are created, the safety evaluation of large enterprises greater impact. This method simple, clear, basic data on the same components learn from each other is strong, such as in aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy and other fields, this method has been widely used. However, this approach requires that data is accurate, full, complete requirements analysis process, judgments and assumptions reasonable for the chemical, petrochemical and other industries, due to system complexity, elements of uncertainty, staff is very difficult to estimate the probability of failure, so far failed made great progress. With the further development of fuzzy probability theory, probabilistic risk assessment method deficiencies will be overcome to some extent. The use of probabilistic risk assessment methods need to obtain a composition of system components and subsystem failure probability data, the current system in the civilian industry, the accumulation of such data is still not sufficient, is a fundamental obstacle to using this method.
② Index evaluation
Index evaluation method Dow (DOW) Chemical fire, explosion index (F & E1) evaluation method, Imperial Chemical (ICI) Richmond (Mond) division of fire, explosion, toxicity index evaluation method, the Japanese Labor Chemical six stages of plant safety evaluation method, our methods of classification of dangerous chemical safety assessment. Index method using the structure of complex systems and the use of probability is difficult to express their risk evaluation unit has a feasible method, such method is simple, more evaluation is one of the methods applied in petroleum, chemical and other areas used more often. Index used to avoid the accident and its consequences is difficult to determine the probability of the difficulties, the evaluation index value contains both accident frequency and consequences of the accident two factors. The disadvantage of this type of evaluation is to evaluate the security system model of the system function of inadequate attention, especially
hazardous substances and the interaction between the security system not considered the relationship, although in Mongolia, Germany and France and China chemical plant risk classification There are certain considerations, but the deficiencies are still apparent, between the various factors to the product or additive manner, ignoring the importance of the difference between the factors. Evaluation from the beginning to use the index value is given, making the evaluation of post-safety improvements to the system more difficult. Evaluation of various indices in the current model, the value of the indicators and targets set to determine only whether or not, but not with objective indicators of factors independent of the state, resulting from a hazardous materials type and content, spatial arrangement similar to the difference between the actual level of security than remote system, the evaluation results are similar, these methods lead to less flexibility and sensitivity.
3. Content classification based on the evaluation (1) plant design safety assessment
Plant design and application of new technologies, develop new products, while feasibility studies for safety evaluation, planning and design stages through the evaluation of the risk factors on the control and elimination, some countries have it fixed in the form with the regulations.
(2) evaluation of the effectiveness of safety management
The business performance of the existing security management structure, the rate of injury, loss rate, investment returns and other systematic safety evaluation to identify the weak link, from the technical measures and security management to be improved.
(3) human behavior safety evaluation
Psychological state of human insecurity, and ergonomic points determine the behavior, assess their safety.
(4) evaluation of safety and reliability of production equipment
Equipment, devices, components fail, the application of safety systems engineering analysis to evaluate the safety and reliability.
(5) Operating conditions evaluation
Evaluation of operating environment and conditions on human health hazards. (6) risk assessment of chemical substances
Evaluation of chemicals in the production, use, storage, transport, business process risks exist, and possible fire, explosion, poisoning, corrosion and other accidents, measures proposed to prevent accidents.
4. The nature of the classification based on the evaluation (1) the inherent risk assessment system
Risk is inherent in the system planning, design, manufacture, installation and other factors determine the risk of the original, that the system put into operation before the existence of risk. According to the results of the inherent risk assessment, risk can be a hierarchy of systems, risk levels for different countermeasures to be taken into account in order to achieve an acceptable level.
(2) practical risk assessment system
Evaluation system is still mainly real risk, through the evaluation of various hazard control the distribution and status of safety management to focus on strengthening the control.
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