牛津英语沪教版中考英语语法专题复习
词类 一 名词
一、定义
名词，顾名思义，是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
二、名词的分类
名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词；可数名词可以用数字来进行计算；分为名词单数与名词复数；不可数名词就不能用数字进行计算。
三、可数名词的单复数
1.名词复数的规则变化 ★重点 一般名词复数构成法 构成法 一般情况下，在名词单数形式的词尾加s 以s,x,，ch，sh，结尾的名词，在词尾加es 1. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，改y为i再加es 2. 元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s（特殊） 1. 以f或fe结尾的名词，一般将f/ fe改为v，再加es 2. 少数直接加s（特殊） 例词 book-books, day-days, desk-desks class-classes, match-matches, wish- wishes city-cities,country-countries, factory-factories monkey---monkeys, holiday--holidays leaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves belief---beliefs, roof---roofs, proof---proofs potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes, 1. 以辅音字母加o结尾的，有4个单词在词尾加es（特殊） hero--heroes, Negro--Negroes 2. 其余的直接加s photo---photos, piano---pianos, zoo---zoos； 练习： 1. turn green in spring.
a.leaf b. leave c, leaves d, leafs 2． are very useful to pupils. a. radio b. radios c. radioes d. a radio 3. Many ___ __ are playing on the playground. a. boyes b. boys c. a boy d. boies
2.名词复数的不规则变化 ★难点
1） child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth goose--geese mouse---mice man---men
注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的复合词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen。
由man或woman加一个其他名词构成的复合名词时，两个都要变复数 例：woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)
2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，yuan，等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎，千米，英里，米等都有复数形式。如：ten dollars, five pounds, two dollars, two meters, three miles
练习：Three _______ are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheepes D. ships
3）表示某国人：
单复数同形：Chinese-- Chinese Japanese--Japanese
变man为men：Englishman-- Englishmen Frenchman-- Frenchmen 在词尾加s：German--Germans American--Americans
4）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实际上为复数★难点
1. people police cattle family 等本身就是复数，不能用a/an修饰，其谓语动词应用复数。
注意：people的复数形式peoples通常指\多个民族\。family的复数形式families指“多个家庭”。
错：a people，a police 对：a person，a policeman 例：1. There are five________(people ) in his family.
2. It's nine o'clock now. My family _______(be) watching TV.
5） 有些以s结尾，以单复形式出现，但实为单数的名词，如：★难点 a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词，不能说 a news, 可借助量词，a piece of news
C. Manners: 礼貌，礼节，为不可数名词；其单数形式manner译为：方式，方法。
6） 表示由两部分构成的东西，常以复数形式的名词 trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜，
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers, three pieces of bread.
7) 名词作定语时，不用复数形式，但man/woman做定语修饰另一个名词时，两个名词都用复数形式。★难点
例：apple tree--apple trees book shop--book shops woman doctor--women doctors
可数名词：课堂作业
一、用所给的名词的适当形式填空
1 Look! There are a lot of _________ (leaf) on the groud 2 There are many ________(people) in the room. 3 People wear shoes on their ___________(foot) 4 There are some __________(dumpling) on the plate 5 Those ________ (child) are playing football outside 6 There are some _______ (sheep) in the field
7. There is some________(food) in the basket. 8. The baby has only two________(tooth) now. 9. Let's take________(photo), OK? 10. I have lots of________(tomato) here. 11. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.
12. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now. 13. Their________(dictionary) look new
14．There are two________ over there．（watch）
15．l can see a _________and two _______ standing there．（man，woman） 16．There are two baskets of__________ on the floor．（apple） 17．How many _________can you see？（radio） 18．Look at those_________．（child）
19. There are many________(fox) in the picture. 20 The cat is chasing two________(mouse). 单选
1. –Two ______ died in the accident. –_______ terrible it is!
A. policemen; How B. policeman; What C. police; What D. policemans; How 2. – Near Our school there are two ______.
A. shoes shops B. shoes shop C. shoe shops. 3. The ______are looking for a little girl.
A. policeman B. police policemans 4. ---What is your favorite _____?
---Mid-autumn Day. I can eat a lot of moon-cakes.
A. season B. weather C. festival D. month 5. Could you take _____ for these _____? They are very beautiful. A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos; tomatoes C. some photos; tomatos D. any photoes; tomatoes 6. My brother likes chemistry of all the _____.
A. vegetables B. subjects C. fruits D. drinks 7. Look! Those three _____ are talking with three _____.
A. Englishmen; Germen B. Englishmans; Germans
C. Englishmen; Germans D. Englishmans; Germen 8. Look! The _____ are watering flowers.
A. man B. woman C. boy D. children 9. The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are so many _____ here. A. food B. dish C. people D. waiter 10. I’ve forgotten both of the _____.
A. room numbers B. rooms number C. rooms numbers D. room number 11. I want something to eat .Please give me a __________ A book B watch C shirt D cake 12. The cat caught two ______ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 13．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 14. There are four _____ and two _____ in the group.
A. Japanese; Germen B. Japaneses; Germen C. Japanese; Germans 15. The dog has four _____.
A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots
不可数名词
1. 常见的不可数名词
air, smoke, water, oil, soup, juice, drink, ink, rain, snow, ice, tea, coffee, milk,wine, sunshine, heat, light, sugar, salt, rice,hair,furniture, food, meat, beef, fruit, bread, trouble, success, homework, housework, music, paper,work, information,weather
（技巧区分名词可数与不可数： 若一个事物分成两半还能叫之前的名称，为不可数名词；若一个事物分成两半不能再叫原来的名称，为可数名词。）
2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式★难点 例：The food is very fresh. 食物很新鲜。
There is no room for these books. 没有空间来放这些书了。 3. 不可数名词量的表示 ★重点
不可数名词不能与数词连用，若要表示相应的数量，则需要借助一定的单位词 a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of bread 一块面包
a bottle of water一瓶水 a cup of tea一杯茶 a glass of beer一杯啤酒 a drop of water一滴水
练习：–What _____ you usually have for breakfast?
–_____ and a cup of coffee.
A. do; Thre bread B. do; Three pieces of bread C. are; Three breads D. are; Three piece of bread
4. 另外还有一些既可作可数又可作不可数的名词，但所表达意义不同。★难点 可数名词 chickens（鸡 活的） fishes（鱼 活的） fruits (各种水果) rooms (房间) times (次，倍) exercises (练习) oranges (橘子)
不可数名词 chicken（鸡肉） fish（鱼肉） fruit (水果) room (空间，位置) time (时间) exercise (运动，锻炼) orange (橘汁)
1. ________ is spoken the most widely in the world.
A. Chinese B. English C. French D. Russian 2. I am thirsty. Would you bring me_______, please?
A. some bread B.some tea C.some cakes D. some eggs 3. What’s wrong with my son’s ________? He can’t see things clearly
相关推荐：
loading