10级Axx第六组作业
同位语从句
一.同位语从句的概念
在复合句中用作名词的从句叫同位语从句，其主要用途是对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容。
可以跟同位语从句的名词通常是：
news,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message ,suggestion,word,
possibility,order,fear,proof,belief,advise,demand,problem,request,truth,wish等 例句:
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
The Mona Lisa is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever. There is no doubt that he is guilty.
There is great doubt whether he did so or not. 二．同位语从句的先行词
同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。
例句：
How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him?
皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的? The news that his heath is failing made us sad. 他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。
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I have no idea where they are spending their holidays. 我不知道他们在哪里度假。
The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑
He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents. 他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。 三．同位语从句的引导词 1. 连词that引导同位语从句
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 以下名词常用于以上句型：
advice, announcement, argument, belief, claim, conclusion, decision, evidence, explanation, fact, feeling, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, message, news, opinion, order, probability, promise, proposal, remark, reply, report, saying, statement, suggestion, thought, treat, warning, wish, word
【注意1】 在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。如：
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.
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有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允许妇女参加这个协会的决议通过了。
I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他们希望你作主要发言人的殷切心情。
【注意2】 引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，在非正式语体中that可以省略。
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2. 连词whether引导同位语从句
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。
【注意】 whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。 whether“是否”可以引导：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句。 if“是否”，只能引导宾语从句和表语从句，不能引导主语从句。 3．其它引导词引导的同位语从句
连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句
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1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）
2).I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语）
3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语） 4. 连接副词引导同位语从句 连接副词when, where, how, why
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
四．同位语从句的用法
掌握同位语从句的用法要注意以下两个问题：
1. 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面， 而是被别的词隔开， 以使得整个句子的结构显得平衡，即为分离同位语从句。例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。// Word came that Hussein had been captured. 侯赛因已被捕的消息传来。
2. 同位语从句和定语从句结构相似， 通常位于某一名词或代词后面， 但两者存在明显区别： 同位语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明， 是该名词性成分具体内容的体现(相当于名词的作用)。 that引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当句子成分， 但不能被省略， 同位语从句还可以用whether、 how等连词引导(定语从句则不能)。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰、 说明先行词的性质或特征(相当于形容词的作用)， 定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当特定的句子成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语、 宾语或者表语， 充当定语从句中宾语的that经常可被省略)。注意体会以下四组例句：
(1) 第一组例句：
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