前 言 本试题集是由职称英语试题培训研究根据职称英语考生平时为找历年真题而在网上一篇一篇的收集，即费时又费力，所以现在特将职称英语考试2003~2013各年理工类A类真题汇集成册，供各位考生方便查看，同时也有各年试题的答案解析，可以帮助考生自测，也能当作考试资料，也可以赠送给其他需要真题集的同事和朋友。这份试题集，职称英语资格讲师-巧老师也会用它作为学员的练习题。 职称英语试题培训研究，专注于给学员提供最好的学习指南，各种职称英语考试真题集，培训机构的职称英语考试的一手资料及各种考试经验交流，目的在于让更多的学员得到启发，尽快通过职称英语考试。同时，职称英语试题培训研究，也独家提供职称英语考试讲师巧老师的独家免费职称英语课程讲义供学员免费学习和提高。 职称英语试题研究 2013-05-23 目 录 2003年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.....................................................................1 2004年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析...................................................................11 2005年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析...................................................................23 2006年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析...................................................................39 2007年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析...................................................................51 2008年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析...................................................................60 2009年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析...................................................................72 2010年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析...................................................................90 2011年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.................................................................115 2012年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.................................................................132 2013年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析.................................................................143 2003年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析 第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分） 第 1 页 共 156 页 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively. A explained B invented C considered D accepted 2. He talks tough but has a tender heart. A heavy B strong C kind D wild 3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy. A making B taking C discussing D expecting 4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing. A waste B buy C use D sell 5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters. A function B ability C power D volume 6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs. A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely 7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness. A supported B excited C inspired D directed 8. The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history. A clean B perfect C real D brief 9. It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times. A suggested B warned C stated D confirmed 10. The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clock. A began B continued C ended D resumed 11. Red flag was placed there as a token of danger. A sign B substitute C proof D target 12. However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change. A reluctant B eager C pleased D angry 13. It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one. A limit B control C replace D offset 14. The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area. A deny B investigate C stress D create 15. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water. A gradually B suddenly C excessively D exceptionally 第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 A Dolphin and an Astronomer One day in 1963, a dolphin named Elvar and a famous astronomer, Carl Sagan, were playing a little game. The astronomer was visiting an institute which was looking into the way dolphins 第 2 页 共 156 页 communicate with each other. Sagan was standing on the edge of one of the tanks where several of these friendly, highly intelligent creatures were kept. Elvar had just swum up alongside him and had turned on his back. The dolphin wanted Sagan to scratch his stomach again, as the astronomer had done twice before. Elvar looked up at Sagan, waiting. Then, after a minute or so, the dolphin leapt up through the water and made a sound just like the word “more”. The astonished astronomer went to the director of the institute and told him about the incident. ‘Oh, yes. That’s one of the words he knows,’ the director said, showing no surprise at all. Dolphins have bigger brain in proportion to their body size than humans have, and it has been known for a long time that they can make a number of sounds. What is more, these sounds seem to have different functions, such as warning each other of danger. Sound travels much faster and much further in water than it does in air. That is why the parts of the brain that deal with sound are much better developed in dolphin than in humans. But can it be said that dolphins have a ‘language’, in the real sense of the word? Scientists don’t agree on this. A language is not just a collection of sounds, or even words. A language has a structure and what we call a grammar. The structure and grammar of a language help to give it meaning. For example, the two questions “Who loves Mary?” and “Who does Mary love?” mean very different things. If you stop to think about it, you will see that this difference doesn’t come from the words in the question but from the difference in structure. That is why the question “Can dolphins speak?” can’t be answered until we find out if dolphins not only make sounds but also arrange them in a grammatical order which affects their meaning. 16 The astronomer was not interested in the way dolphins communicate with each other. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 The dolphin leapt up into the air because Sagan was too near the water. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Parts of the dolphin’s brain are particularly well developed to handle different kinds of sound. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Dolphins are the most useful animals to humans. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Dolphins travel faster in water than any other animals. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 Some scientists believe that dolphins have a language of their own. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 Sounds can be called a language only when they have a structure and a grammar. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 （第23—30题，每题1分，共8分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 The Weight Experiment Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lost weight. Being locked in a small room called a ‘calorimeter’（热量测量室)is one way to 第 3 页 共 156 页 find out. 1 The sighs above the two rooms read simply “Chamber One” and “Chamber Two”. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads “Please do not enter- work in progress” and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer. 2 Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out. 3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis. 4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,” says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled () for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn’t go too fast. 5 It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions. A What does the calorimeter look like inside? B What program was designed for the experiment? C What is a calorimeter? D What is the first impression? E How do the volunteers kill the time? F Why did Nicola join in the experiments? 23 Paragraph 1____________ 24 Paragraph 1____________ 25 Paragraph 1____________ 26 Paragraph 1____________ 27 The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything___________. 28 Nicola Walters had time for the experiments________________. 29 Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter____________. 30 The experiments show that high-fat diets_____________. 第 4 页 共 156 页 A the volunteers do B because she does not have a weight problem C because the life there can be very boring D make people overeat E because she was her own boss F after passing a high-protein test 第4部分：阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 “Salty” Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University’s School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长)plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. in Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants’ growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world. 31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true? A They are students at Sussex University. B They are rice breeders. C They are husband and wife D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning. 32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme A to find ways to prevent water pollution. B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil. C to breed rice plants that taste salty. 第 5 页 共 156 页 D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil. 33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage? A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed. B The water table has gone down after droughts. C Sea level has been continuously rising. D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind. 34 The word “affect” in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by A “influence” B “effect” C “stop” D “present” 35 The attitude of the author towards the research project is A positive B negative. C suspicious D indifferent. 第二篇 Living with Computer After too long on the Net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriend’s Liverpudian accent suddenly becomes hard to understand after the clarity of his words on screen; a secretary’s tone seems more rejecting than I’d imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluid – hours become minutes, and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days. For the last three years, since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie Rose, I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter (远程交谈者). I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet mailing lists. My boyfriends lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated. If I desired, I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything. I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home, going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched most of the blizzard (暴风雪)of ’96 on TV. But after a while, life itself begins to feel unreal. I start to feel as though I’ve merged with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another node (节点) on the Net. Others on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. It’s like attending an A.A. meeting in a bar with everyone holding a half-sipped drink. We have become the Net opponents’ worst nightmare. What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to computer, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction (网上交流), coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult. At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter in the background, something that I’d never done previously. The voices of the programs soothe (安慰) me, but then I’m jarred (使感不快)by the commercials. I find myself sucked in by soap operas, or compulsively (强制性地) 第 6 页 共 156 页 needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather. “Dateline,” “Frontline,” “Nightline,” CNN, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work movers from foreground to background. 36 Compared with the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent is A obscure. B distinct. C unreal. D misleading. 37 The passage implies that the writer and her boyfriend live in A England. B different countries. C the same city. D the same country. 38 Living alone in a house, the writer seems to A have totally forgotten her work. B be afraid of her neighbors. C get some comfort from TV programs. D have gone crazy. 39 We learn from the passage that the writer A is fed up with the Net opponents. B prefers people to the computer. C is addicted to the computer. D does not like human contact. 40 The phrase “coming back out of the cave” in the fifth paragraph means A “coming back home”. B “giving up the present job”. C “living a luxurious life”. D “restoring real human contact”. 第三篇 The Body Clock Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York? The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology. Deep inside the brain there is a ‘clock’ that governs every aspect of the body’s functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock. The body clock programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon. One of the major causes of the travellers’ malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of a person’s internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses the biological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So 第 7 页 共 156 页 your sleep/wake may adjust to a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may be on a different schedule altogether. Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to ‘shrink’ our day. That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights. When flying west, you are ‘extending your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your internal clock. Flying eastward will involve ‘shrinking’ or reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clock’s natural tendency. One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There are many reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying to sleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock and working longer hours. It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destination’s schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone. So, our body clock truly can ‘govern’ us. 41 The role of the body clock is to A enable us to sleep 6 hours a day. B help us adapt to a 24-hour cycle. C regulate the body’s functions. D interfere with the body’s functions. 42 The word “malady” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to A “condition”. B “discomfort”. C “injury”. D “excitement”. 43 Flying in a westward direction will A help you sleep better. B increase the degree of jet lag. C shrink your day. D make you overeat. 44 Which of the following in NOT mentioned as a reason for the disrupted sleep of travelers? A Crossing different time zones. B Changing light and activity levels. C Working longer hours. D Watching out of the plane for a long time. 45 It can be seen from the last two paragraphs that A you can control your own body clock. B it is not difficult to adjust to a new time zone. C adjusting your watch can help you a avoid jet lag. D there isn’t much you can do to avoid jet lag. 第 8 页 共 156 页 第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Ruining the Ruins Acid rain (酸雨)is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases are produced by power stations and cars. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams. Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks. And buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone (石灰石), are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are eroded (受腐蚀) more quickly. __________(46) According to a report in the New Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of Mayan civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year. But those ruins are in danger of being seriously damaged by pollution. At many sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black substance. ________________(47). Scientists estimate that about one millimeter of stone is worn away every twelve years. ________________(48) The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced. ____________ (49). Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil fields and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. __________ (50) However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. So unless the price of oil rises, it is unlikely that Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction. A At others the painted surfaces inside temples are lifting and flaking off () and the stone is being eaten away. B That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already. C These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely. D The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. E The problem, however, is not just a European one. F However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people. 第6部分：完形填空 （第51—65题，每题1分，共15分） 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Science and Truth “FINAGLE”() is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason is that the 第 9 页 共 156 页 image of the scientist is of one who always __________ (51) data in an impartial () search for truth. In any debate- ___________ (52)intelligence, schooling, energy – the phrase “science says” usually disarms opposition. But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a “finagle factor” – a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to __________ (53) desired results. The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould, a Harvard biologist, who has ___________ (54) the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton. Morton was famous in his time for analyzing the brain ____________ (55) of the skulls as a measure of intelligence. He concluded that whites had the largest brains, that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller, and _______ (56), that whites constitute a superior race. Gould went back to Morton’s original data and concluded that the ____________ (57) were an example of the finagle at work. He found that Morton’s “discovery” was made by leaving out embarrassing data, ___________ (58) incorrect procedures, and changing his criteria – again, always in favour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects __________ (59). But Gould went on to say Morton’s story is only an example of a common problem in ____________(60) work. Some of the leading figures in science are ________________ (61) to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out () to support at least three central statements that he could not prove. And so _____________ (62)Laudius Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer, whose master work, Almagest, summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth as its center. Recent _____________ (63) indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor. All this is important because the finagle factor is still at work. For example, in the artificial sweetener controversy, for example, it is ________ (64) that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe, ________ (65) all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 A collects A of A convey A created A size A however A results A planning A creativity A unusual A taught A was A studies A feared A if B invents B over B destroy B written B shape B then B experiments B making B reliability B mental B believed B had B events B said B while C misuses C in C modify C examined C tissue C though C ideas C using C intelligence C scientific C tried C could C developments C suggested C because D enables D with D acquire D produced D cell D therefore D suggestions D searching D originality D manual D allowed D did D decisions D expected D although 第 10 页 共 156 页 >>>>>>>>2003年职称英语考试理工类A类真题参考答案<<<<<<<< 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. C 21. A 22. A 23. C 24. F 25. B 26. E 27. A 28. E 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. C 40. D 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. E 47. A 48. B 49. F 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. C 61. B 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. B 2004年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析 第l部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth． A take out B break off C push in D dig up 2 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September． A play B show C send D tell 3 This table is strong and durable． A long-lasting B extensive C far-reaching D eternal 4 He endured great pain before he finally expired A fired B resigned C died D retreated 5 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror． A smiling B laughing C shouting D staring 6 The index is the government’s chief gauge of future economic activity A measure B opinion C method D decision 7 It’s sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first． A workable B reasonable C possible D available 8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water． A boiled B polluted C mixed D sweetened 9 You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position 第 11 页 共 156 页 A maintain B better C acquire D support 10 She stood there，trembling with fear． A jumping B crying C moving D shaking 11 Medical facilities are being upgraded． A expanded B repaired C improved D transferred 12 Rock climbing is hazardous A interesting B dangerous C attractive D useful 13 John is eligible for this job． A accepted B recommended C rejected D recommended 14 In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate production． A involve B decrease C speed up D give up 15 Mary looked pale and weary． A worried B ugly C silly D exhausted 第2部分：阅读判断 (第16~22题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes(龙卷风)and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening．The storms were dramatic and dangerous． George Snyder was driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel(漏斗状的)cloud was behind him．“I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud．It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while．It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared．”Snyder said． Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern 0hio on Saturday．In Trumbull County，a tornado turned trees onto their sides．Some trees fell onto houses and cars．Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down． Amanda Sym check was having a party when the storm began．“I knew something was wrong, ” he said．“I saw the sky go green and pink(粉红色)．Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house．I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection．” The tornado caused a 10t of damage to cars and houses in the area．It will take a long time and much money to repair everything．There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms．The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes． The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river．More than four inches of rain fell in parts of Trumbull County．The river was so high that the water ran into streets and houses．Many streets had to be closed to Cars and trucks because of the high water．This made it difficult for fire trucks，police Cars，and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble．Many people who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety．Some people reported five feet of water in their homes．Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated(撤走)．’The Red Cross served meals to them． “This was a really intense storm，”said Snyder．“People were afraid．Mother Nature can be fierce．We were lucky this time．No one was killed” 16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening． 第 12 页 共 156 页 A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 George Snyder was a firefighter． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Amanda Sym check was having a party in the basement when the storm began. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 Several people were missing during the storm． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1--~4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27,-~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Earth Angels 1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts(烟头)were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms，South Carolina．When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate，she decided to take action．Joying launched a“No Butts on the Beach” campaign．She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches dean．With the help of others．Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice．cream buckets．The buckets were filled with sand。and placed at a11 public-access areas of the beach．The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach．Two years later。Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris(残片)． 2 People who 1ive in or visit Steamboat Springs，Colorado．have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife．Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River．The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High Schoo1.Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife．Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there．They also made decisions about．among other things。Where fences and parking areas should be built． 3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil．It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria。Texas．They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water--a real danger in rural areas．where people live off the water on their 1and．The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue．Now．the“Don’t Be Crude”program runs oil．collection sites--tanks that hold up to 460 gallons--where people in the community can dispose of their oil． 4 Five years ago．11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream：for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water．His dream began in the first grade when he 1earned that 第 13 页 共 156 页 people were dying because they didn’t have clean water，and that as 1ittle as$70 could build a well．“We really take water for granted，”says Ryan，of Kemptville，Ontario，in Canada．“In other countries．you have to plan for it．”Ryan earned the first$70 by doing extra chores(零工)，but with the help of others，he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars． His efforts led to the start of the Ryan’s Well Foundation，which raises money for clean waterand health．related services for people in African countries and developing countries． 23 Paragraph 1 __________ . 24 Paragraph 2 __________ . 25 Paragraph 3 __________ . 26 Paragraph 4 __________ . A Provide Clean Water B Dig 0il Wells C Save Clean Water D Don’t Litter E Don’t Be Crude F Protect Wildlife 27 Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to __________ . 28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to _____________ . 29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _____________ . 30 Ryan，with the help of others，is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _____________ . A make new materials B preserve wetland and animals C have clean air D have clean water E collect cigarette butte F collect despoiled oil 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 Technology Transfer in Germany When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success．few nations can match Germany．Since the 1 940s．the nation’s vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit． Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society，a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought．after technologies．But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition．Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all over．These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies． Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success．but it is not without its 第 14 页 共 156 页 critics．These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science，eventually starving industry of flesh ideas．If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the argument goes，then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity．driven，flee and widely available will Suffer．Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years． Ⅵmile this debate continues．new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany’s research networks，which bear famous names such as Helmholtz，Max Planck and Leibniz．Yet it is the fourth network，the Fraunhofer Society，that plays the greatest role in technology transfer． Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe’s largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 1 2，000 people．It continues to grow．Last year, it Swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin．Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia． 31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity? A Technology transfer． B Good management C Hard work． D Fierce competition 32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research? A It is free． B It is profit—driven． C It is widely available． D It is curiosity—driven． 33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in A Asia． B USA． C Europe． D Africa． 34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded? A In 1940. B Last year． C After the unification． D In 1949. 35 The word “expertise’’ in line 3 could be best replaced by A “experts”． B “scientists”． ． C “scholars”． D “special knowledge”． 第二篇 Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷) An underground revolution begins this winter．with the flip(轻击)of a switch，30，000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice．cold high．performance cables．Other American cities are expected to follow Detroit’s example in the years ahead．which could conserve enormous amounts of power． The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors．A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance．Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current．All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance．They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat．Superconductors don’t?No one understands how superconductivity works．It just does． Making superconductors isn’t easy．A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to 10se its resistance．The first superconductors，made more than 50 years ago，had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance．Newer superconducting materials 10se their resistance at-143 degrees Celsius． The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper．oxygen．bismuth(铋)。strontium(锶)．and calcium(钙)．A ceramic is a hard．strong 第 15 页 共 156 页 compound made from clay or minerals．The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen．Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance． The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance．Because cooled superconductors have no resistance．they waste much less power．0ther cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power．too． 36 What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? A With a flip of swish．electricity can be transmitted． B Other American cities can benefit from the high?performance cables． C Great amounts of power can be conserved． D Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables 37 Compared to common electrical conductors，superconductors A have little or no electrical resistance． B Can be used for along time． C are not energy-efficient． D can be made easily． 38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance? A-143 degree Celsius． B-263 degree Celsius． C As long as it is ice-cold． D Absolute zero． 39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature? A Copper． B Liquid nitrogen．． C Clay． D Calcium． 40 According to the last paragraph，which of the following statements is NOT true? A Other cities hope they Can also conserve power． B Other cities hope they Can use superconducting cables soon． C Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance． D The Fribie experiment is not successful． 第三篇 The Science of the Future Until recently，the“science of the future”was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence．Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination Of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering．This combination is the science of biotechnology． Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的)materials．However, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and also to absorb moisture．Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength．1ightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects． Nevertheless．scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in“growing”a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin．The next step may well be“biotech hearts and eyes”which can replace diseased organs in human beings．These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans． 第 16 页 共 156 页 The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising．In 1996 the famous science．fiction writer，Arthur C．Clarke，many of whose previous predictions have come true。said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energy．Some of these power sources will be biological．Clarke and others have warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources．Coal，oil and gas are indeed convenient．However，using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollution．It will be impossible to meet the growing demand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic(灾难性的)levels unless we develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner． It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solve our problems．Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power．Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless，cheap and safe energy．Today those promises 1ie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl，in the Ukraine．Biotechnology is unlikely．however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerous way． 41 According to the passage，the science of the future is likely to be A electronics． B biotechnology． C genetic engineering． D nuclear technology． 42 Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are A as good as w001. B as good as an insect’s body． C not as good as natural materials． D better than natural materials． 43 According to the．passage，it may soon be possible A to make something as good as human skin． B to produce drugs without side effects． C to transplant human organs． D to make artificial hearts and eyes． 44 In 1996. Arthur C．Clarke predicted that A biological power sources would be put into use soon． B oil，gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future． C dependence on non—renewable power sources would be reduced soon D the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two years． 45 What do we learn from the last paragraph? A Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems． B Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power． C Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power D Biological power will keep all its promises． 第5部分：补全短文 (第46—50题，每题2分，共10分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Why Would They Falsely Confess? Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To mostpeople，it just doesn’t seem logical．But it is logical，say experts。if you understand what call happen in a police interrogation(审讯)room． Under the right conditions，people’s minds are susceptible(易受影响的)to influence，and the pressure put on suspects during police questioning is enormous． __________ . (46)“The pressure is important to understand，because otherwise it's impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didn’t do．The answer is：to put all end to an uncomfortable 第 17 页 共 156 页 situation that will continue until he does confess． Developmental psychologist Mary Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn’t do. __________ . (47)the researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting “alt” key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility．Redlich’s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. __________. (48) Of the 15-to 16-year-olds，72 percent signed confessions，as 13-year-olds． “There’s no question that young people are more at risk，”says Saul Kassin，a psychology professor at Williams College，who has done similar studies with similar . __________ . (49) Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire ‘‘interrogation” in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning--and still，most participants falsely decision．” __________ . (50)“In some ways，”says Kassin，“false confession becomes a rational A In her experiment，participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key,because doing So would crash the systems． A In her experiment，participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key, because doing So would crash the systems． B. Because of the stress of a police interrogation，they conclude，suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation． C. “It’s a little like somebody’s working on them with a dental(牙齿) drill,” says Franklin Zimring，a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley． D.“But the baseline is that adults are highly vulnerable too．” E. The court found him innocent and he was released． F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant，the more likely a false confession． 第6部分：完形填空 (第51--~65题，每题1分，共15分) 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 The Greatest Mystery Of Whales The whale is a warm-blooded，air-breathing animal，giving birth to its young alive，sucking them--and，like all mammals，originated on land．There are many front flippers(鳍状肢)，used for steering and stability, are traces of feet．__________ . (51)of this．Its Immense strength is __________ . (52)into the great body of the big whales，and in fact most of a whale’s body is one gigantic muscle．The blue whale’s pulling strength has been estimated __________ . (53)400 horsepower．One specimen was reported to have towed(拖)a whaling vessel for seven hours at the __________. (54) of eight knot (节). An angry whale will __________ . (55) A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex, __________ . (56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century．More recently, steel ships have __________ . (57)their plates buckled(使弯曲)in the same way．Sperm whales(抹香鲸)were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush Them. The greatest __________ . (58)of whales is their diving ability．The sperm whale dives 第 18 页 共 156 页 to the Bottom for his __________ . (59)food，the octopus(章鱼)．In that search he is known to go as far Down as 3,200 feet, where the． __________ . (60)is 1,400 pounds，to a square inch．Doing so he Will __________ . (61)underwater long as one hour．Two special skills are involved in this storing up enough __________. (62)(all whales are air—breathed)and tolerating the great change in pressure．Just how he does it scientists have not __________ . (63)．It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special __________ . (64)of blood vessels，rather than just held in the lungs．And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that __________ . (65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body．But since you can’t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study, no one knows just how these things work． 51 A aspects B signs C ways D reasons 52 A worked B divided C built D moved 53 A at B in C of D with 54A number B degree C distance D rate 55A abandon B attack C leave D board 56A as B who C which D t}1at 57A had B operated C Seen D caught 58A interest B job C danger D mystery 59A favorite B fast C new D sufficient 60A depth B pressure C level D size 61A set B become C remain D rest ． 62A heat B energy C food D oxygen 63A witnessed B determined C applied D calculated 64A system B place C arrangement D equipment 65A mentally B artificially C manually D automatically >>>>>>>>2004年职称英语考试理工类A类真题参考答案<<<<<<<< 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.C 21.A 22.C 23.D 24.F 25.E 26.A 27.E 28.B 29.A 30.D 31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.D 36.C 37.A 38.A 39.B 40.D 第 19 页 共 156 页 41.B 42.C 43.D 44.A 45.C 46.C 47.A 48.F 49.D 50.B 51.B 52.C 53.A 54.D 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.D 59.A 60.B 61.C 62.D 63.B 64.A 65.D 本份试题详细题解如下： 第l部分：词汇选项 1． 答案为A。extract a tooth是“拔牙”的意思，在四个选项中只有take out可以替代。 2． 答案为B。句子的意思是“九月份经济继续呈现衰退的迹象”，和exhibit 同义的只有show。是最佳答案。 3． 答案为A。durable：耐用的，long—lasting：持久的。画线词与选项A意思相同，可互换，故A为正确答案。 4． 答案为C。expire的意思是“断气”，即“死了”，与选项C意思相同，故C为答案。 5． 答案为D。gaze的意思是“长时间盯看……”，与选项D意思相同，所以D为答案。 6． 答案为A。gauge的意思是“估计，精确测量”。选项A(measure)的意思是“测量”，与画线词意思相近，故A为答案。 7． 答案为B。sensible的意思是“明智的”，与选项B(reasonable)意思相同，所以选B。 8． 答案为B。contaminated在这里是形容词，意思是“被污染的，弄脏的”，选项B(polluted) 的意思也是“被污染的”，两者意思相同，故选B。 9． 答案为A。sustain在这里的意思是“继续保持”，与动词maintain意思相同。sustain one's position的意思是“继续保持自己的职位”。 10．答案为D。题句的意思是，他站在那儿，害怕地发抖。tremble是一“战栗，颤抖”的意思，与选项D意思相同，故选D。 11．答案为C。题句的意思是：医疗设备正在更新。upgrade的意思是“升级，更新”，与improve(改善)意思相近，故C为正确答案。 12．答案为B。hazardous的意思是“危险的”，与dangerous意思相同，故B为正确答案。 13．答案为B。eligible的意思是“合格的，有资格当选的”，与选项B意思相同，故B为答案。 14．答案为c。accelerate的意思是“加速”，与speed up意思相同，故选C。 15．答案为D。本句的意思是：Mary看上去面色苍白，浑身无力。weary的意思是“疲倦 的，萎靡的”，与exhausted意思相近，故选D。 第2部分：阅读判断 16．答案为B。本题的意思是：星期六傍晚，Trumbull县天气很好。题句意思与原文相反。原文第一段上来就讲到当时龙卷风和暴风雨滚滚而来。 17．答案为A。本题的意思是：George Snyder是_位消防员。原文虽然没有直说他是干什么的，但提到他正开着消防车(fire truck)，由此可以推断他是消防员。 18．答案为B。本题可译为：暴风雨来临时Amanda Symcheck与别人正在地下室里聚会。 第 20 页 共 156 页 原文是说他们正在聚会，但没说在地下室里聚会。而是说暴风雨来临后，他们跑到地下室里躲藏。 19．答案为B。本题可译为：暴风雨中供电系统没遭到破坏。第五段最后一句说大风和暴雨使一些家庭的供电出现了问题，与题项矛盾，故选B。 20?答案为C，o，本题可译为：一百年来，Trumbull还没有遇到过这么大的暴风雨呢。此句的意思文章中根本没有提到，故选C。 21?答案为 A．。本题的意思是：救援车辆费了很大劲才把人救出来。此句的意思在倒数第三段最后一句提到了，故选A。 ’ 22．答案为C。本题可译为：暴风雨中有几个人失踪了。此句的意思文章中没有提到，故选C。 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 23?答案为D。本文的标题是“地球的天使”，主题是环保，介绍的是几个孩子如何以自弓的行动来从事环保事业。第一段主要介绍Joying Brescia这个8岁的孩子是怎样从妻环仔工作的。细节内容是，她发现很多人在海滩上丢烟头，便筹集钱买来很多塑料桶，放在海滩上，提醒人们把烟头扔进桶里。选项D(Don’t Litter)的意思是不要乱扔垃圾，概括了这段的意思，作为第一段的小标题最合适，故选D。 24?答寨为F。第二段主要讲一名叫Carter Dunham的孩子和他的伙伴如何保护一片湿地孕其里面的珍奇动物的事情。选项F的意思是“保护野生动物”，正好概括了这段的意思，所以选F。 25?答案为E。第三段主要讲一个名叫Barbara Brow的女孩和她的朋友发现废弃的油污对土地污染严重，提醒人们不要随便丢弃油污。原文中的“Don”t Be Crude“就是这个意思，与选项E相同，故选E。 26?答案为A。第四段主要介绍一名叫Ryan Hreljac的孩子通过打零工挣来的钱以及通过其他方式筹来的钱，成立的“水井基金”(Well Foundation)，帮助非洲人喝上干净的水。选项A(Provide Clean Water)的意思是“提供清洁的水”，与本段主题一致，故选A。 27?答案为E。此旬问的是Joying把一些桶放在公共场所的目的是什么?结合第一段的意思，我们知道这些桶是用来收集烟蒂的，故选E。 28?弩塞为B。此句问的是人们感谢Carter Dunham所做的什么努力?第二段谈到的是他为保护湿地和野生动物作出了自己的贡献，故选B。 29．答案为A。本句问的是废弃的油回收后可以用来干什么?第三段给出了答案：制作新的东西。因此选A。 30．答案为D。本句问的是Ryan和他的朋友一起帮助非洲人们实现什么梦想?第四段的主题是谈让他们喝上干净的水，故D为答案。 第4部分：阅读理解 31．正确答案为A。答案在第一段可以找到，该段的最后一句话it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit是该段的总结，明确指出了德国的繁荣归功于技术的转换。 32．正确答案为B。答案可以在第三段里找到，这里段里有这样一句话：打traditional principles of university research being curiosity．driven，free and widely available will suffer，传磊的大学科研原则有三个特点，惟独没有profit．driven，即受利益驱动。 33．正确答案为C。答案在最后一段里讲得很清楚。 34．正确答案为D。答案在最后一段的第一句话里。 ， 35．正确答案为D。expertise是特殊领域的知识和学问的意思，另外三个选项都用来指人，在这个上下文里根本不合适。 第 21 页 共 156 页 36．正确答案为C。’第一段的最后一句也提供了答案。尽管A、B、D的内容都在第一段中被提及，但不是这场革命所带来的主要利益所在。 37．正确答案为A。第二段的第二句和第四句提供了明确的答案，超导体几乎没有电阻，而普通导体都有一定量的电阻，故选A。 38．正确答案为A。题句的意思是：在什么温度下，超导体失去电阻?第三段最后一句提供了答案。B是50年前第一代超导体的温度数。c和D都不是正确说法。 39．正确答案为B。此题是细节题。第四段第四句提供了答案。A和D中的copper和calcium是用来制造超导体的陶瓷材料的成分；C中的clay是陶瓷材料的来源。 40．正确答案为D。本题属于判断题。A、B、C三个选项的信息在最后一段中都提到了，只有选项D的意思没提到，所以选D。 ． 41．正确答案为B。本题问的是未来的科学是属于什么的?第一段最后一句给出了答案，属于生物科技，所以选B。 - 42．正确答案为C。此题为细节题，问的是生物化学能帮助人们生产出什么样的产品?第二段告诉我们，生物化学虽然可以帮助我们生产出新的材料，但这些材料的质量很难达到天然产品的程度。这就否定了选项A、B、D，只有选项C为正确答案。 43．正确答案为D。本题的答案应在第三段里寻找。这段告诉我们，．生物化学可以帮助我们在未来生产出人工器官，以替代人体中发病的器官。故选项D为正确答案。 44．正确答案为A。本题问的是1996年Arthur’C．Clarke预见到了什么?第四段第二句告诉我们，未来人们可以用上生物能源，故选A。 45．正确答案为C。此题为判断题，问的是读了最后一段获得什么信息?本文最后一段谈到了生物能源会存在问题，又以原子能指出新能源的危害，但作者最后一句却暗示新的生物能源不像原子能那样危险，故选Co ． 第5部分：补全短文 46．正确答案为C。这一段谈的是pressure方面的事，请注意在这个空格后面是一段引言，但没有原说话人的名字，这也给我们提示，在填入部分里应该有原说话人的名字。可以考虑的B、C、F三个选项， 但从内容上考虑应该选c。 47．正确答案为A。这里填入的部分是对Redlich所做试验的描述，下文又讲到计算机，所以不难选定A。 48．正确答案为F。这一段讲的是Redlich试验的结果，一开始就讲了她的finding。填入的部分里有also这个词，正好接上。而后面的一句话则用更具体的数据来支持她的结论：越年轻，越可能做假供。 49．正确答案为．D。Saul Kassin同意Redlich的结果，她认为年轻人风险大(more at risk)，但同时她又认为成年人也十分脆弱(vulnerable)。 50．正确答案为B。由于在审讯过程中受到的压力，许多人认为做假供是一种摆脱厄境的方法，因此也是一种合理的决定。 ’ 第6部分：完形填空 51．答案为B。第一段讲到鲸鱼很像陆地上的哺乳动物，最后一句举了一些例子来说明这一点。sign的意思是“符号，特征”，鲸鱼具有陆地上哺乳动物的一些特征，故选B。 52．答案为c。something is built into…的意思是“把……装(建、插)入……”，这里指鲸鱼生有巨大的气力。其他几个选项意思上讲不通。 53．答案为A。只能用介词at，不能用其他介词。 54．答案为D。rate表示“速度”，从上下文来讲，选D意思才讲得通。 55．答案为B。此题亦必须根据上下文的意思来推测选哪个词。鲸鱼被惹怒后会攻击船只， 第 22 页 共 156 页 所以选B。 56．答案为C。这里是一非限定性定语从句，关系代词作 主语，用which，故选C。 57．答案为A。have + something+过去分词是一固定结构，此处只能选A。 58．答案为D。本题所在句子为该段主题句，谈的是鲸鱼的潜水能力。鲸鱼的潜水能力很强，能下潜到很深的地方，科学家们不解，所以说是个迷，故选D。 59．答案为A。虽然本题的几个选项都能与food搭配，但从上下文意思来讲，只有A正确。 60．答案为B。空格后面的名词是pound，重量单位，据此可以判断选B，因为其他几个选项不能和pound搭配。 61．答案为C。呆在水下要用动词remain，其他几个动词放入空格处意思讲不通。 62．答案为D。此题也必须在读懂上下文意思的基础上才能作出判断，这里指鲸鱼聚集氧气，故选D。 63．答案为B。上文谈到鲸鱼为什么能够在水下承受巨大的压力，科学家们还没有找到答案。选项中的deterrmine的意思是“确定”，此词放入空格处意思讲得通，其他几个选项讲不通，故选B。 64．答案为A。special虽然和几个选项都能搭配使用，但只有选项A意思上讲得通，故A为正确答案。 65．答案为D。此题亦需根据上下文的意思作出判断。automatically的意思是“自动地”。 2005年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 1 These are their motives for doingit． A. reasons B. excuses C. answers D. plans 2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west． A. twists B. stretches C. broadens D. bends 3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs A. abuse B. flavor C. temptation D. consumption 第 23 页 共 156 页 4 These programmes are of immense value to old people A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D. enormous 5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situation． A. maintain B. improve C. assess D. protect 6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article． A. cooperating B. competing C. combining D. arguing 7 He is determined to conso1idate his power A. strengthen B. control C. abandon D. exercise 8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems． A. solving B. exploring C. settling D. handling 9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits． A. removed B. cured C. worsened D. relieved 10 Allthe cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory A. functions B. faults C. motions D. parts 11 The food is insufficient for three people． 第 24 页 共 156 页 A. instant B. infinite C. inexpensive D. inadequate 12 Thousands of people perished in the storm A. died B. suffered C. floated D. scattered 13 But in the end he approved of our proposal． A. undoubtedly B. certainly C. ultimately D. necessarily 14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business． A. strange B. complex C. personal D. funny 15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management． A. evaluation B. pruduction C. efficiency D. publicity 第2部分：阅读判断 (第1 6～22题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个甸子做出判断.如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics‘boffin’(科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London．The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects．98 percent of those asked got it wrong．The majority of people picked a white male of around 60，wearing glasses and with a white beard． While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago，the reality is now very different Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31． 第 25 页 共 156 页 The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations(等式)or working with fizzing(嘶嘶响)test tubes．These stereotypes are really damaging to society．Very good school children are put off studying science because they don’t see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science．They simply don’t relate to the media’s image of the mad scientist． This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university．If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects，we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive．But we must also develop children’s interest in science． In an attempt to change this negative image，an increasing number of science festivals are being organized．Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the internationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads．Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different county every year．These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science．It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design． 16 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 More children will study science if it becomes more attractive． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years． A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第2卜30题，每题1分，共8分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第 26 页 共 156 页 Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect? 1 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997，research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology．A mouse has also been cloned successfully， But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world． 2 Seed’S announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe，nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：”We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year．’’ 3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning，They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research．In March，The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken．Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science． 4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like．But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners ask．Pretty cool, answer the pr-cloners(赞成克隆的人)． 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 More Than a Ride to School The National Education Association claims．“The school bus is a mirror of the community．”They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community．They are right--sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl． Bruce Hardy．school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl’s bus driver since kindergarten．Last year when Liesl’s family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her new residence。she requested to ride the same bus This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus．She says，”It’s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener．Sometimes when you’re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important．Mr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important．”Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree． Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company, 第 27 页 共 156 页 acknowledges Bruce Hardy’s outstanding record：“You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record．He was recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles．Hardy’s reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus．” Althouse further adds，“Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been providing quality transportation ever since．My grandfather started the business with one bus．Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for many more years to come．” Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed．Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesl’s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy’s bus to the Octorara School District． 31 The word“mirror’’in the first line could be best replaced by A “vehicle” B “device” C “need” D “reflection” 32 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company A for 30 years B for 70 years C since last year D since 2000 33 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy? A He is popular with his passengers B He has never missed a day of work C He is an impatient person D He has driven 350.000 accident free miles 34 Althouse Bus Company was founded by A Larry Althouse B Althouse’s grandfather C Liesl’s mother D Ashley Batista 35 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to A employing young drivers B running quality schools C providing free driving lessons D building sound relationships 第二篇 A Phone That Knows You’re Busy It’s a modern problem：you’re too busy to be disturbed by incessant(连续不断 第 28 页 共 156 页 的)phone calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don’t remember to turn it back on when you’re less busy．you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you，you wouldn’t have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you are not too busy A bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by analyzing your behavior to determine if it’s a good time to interrupt you．If built into a phone，the system may decide you’re too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later． James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity．First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your mind is interrupted. The potential“busyness”signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in question，how close they were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use． The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from“highly interruptible’’to“highly not—interruptible” . Their ratings were then correlated with the various behaviors . “It is a shotgun(随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and then let statistics find out which were important，” says Hudson. The model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be． Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent．Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased towards delivering their message，whereas computers don’t care． The first application for Hudson and Fogarty’s system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones．“There is no technological roadblock(障碍) to it being deployed in a couple of years，” says Hudson 36 A big problem facing people today is that A they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls． B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet． C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone． D they are too busy to make phone calls． 37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone A could help store messages． 第 29 页 共 156 页 B could send messages instantly C could tell when it is wise to interrupt you． D could identify important phone calls． 38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out A why office doors were often 1eft open． B when it was a good time to turn off the computer． C what questions office workers were bothered with． D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy 39 During the experiment，the subjects were asked A to control the sensors and the camera． B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted． C to compare their behaviors with others’. D to analyze all the indicators of interruption． 40 The computer performed better than people in the study because A the computer worked harder． B the computer was not busy C people tended to be biased． D people were not good at statistics． 第三篇 The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon What comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water，birds，and fish．For the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing thirty—seven people．Two years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people． Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake. In most crater lakes，these gases are released often because the water‘turns over’regularly．That is，the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top，allowing the gases to escape slowly． However，in Lakes Nyos and Monoun，there is no regular turning over．No one knows the reason for this fact，but as a result，these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact，scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases．When a strong wind，cool weather a storm，or a landslide(滑坡)causes the water to turn over suddenly，the gases escape in a violent explosion． In the past，no one knew when the gases might explode，so there was no way for 第 30 页 共 156 页 the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States，France，and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos．They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake，with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air．Near the top of the pipe，the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer．Now，when the gas pressure gets too high，the holes are opened and some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain．With less pressure，a disastrous explosion is much less likely．However, the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions．They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well． To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place．the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level，computers will set off loud sirens(警报)and bright lights to warn the people in the villages．That way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases． 41 What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode? A Water will flow down the hills B Poisonous gases will be released suddenly． C A strong wind will rise from the lakes D The volcanoes will come to life． 42 Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true? A They were formed in 1984． B They are at the top of two active volcanoes． C They are not like most other crater lakes． D Water in them turns over regularly． 43 Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because A the gases rise to the top and mix with air． B people from the villages turn over the water． C scientists have put in a computer system． D they have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes 44 A team of scientists has A erected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lake B identified the gases at the bottom of the lake C built a beautiful fountain near the lakes D removed all dangerous gases from the lakes 45 What do we learn from the last paragraph? A Scientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakes． B Scientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosions C Explosion disasters could be avoided in the future 第 31 页 共 156 页 D Warning systems have been set up in the villages nearby． 第5部分：补全短文 (第46～50题，每题2分，共1 0分) 阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5 组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置 上。 Every Dog Has Its Say Kimiko Fukuda，a Japanese girl，always wondered what her dog was trying to say.Whenever she put on makeup，it would pull at her sleeve._____(46)When the dog barks，she glances at a small electronic gadget (装置).The following“human”translation appears on its screen：“Please take me with you.”“I realized that’s how he was feeling.”said Fukuda. The gadget is called Bowlingual，and it translates dog barks into feelings.People laughed when the Japanese toymaker Takara Company made the world’s first dog-human translation machine in 2002.But 300，000 Japanese dog owners bought it.______(47) “Nobody else had thought about it，”said Masahiko Kajita，who works for Takara“We spend so much time training dogs to understand our orders;what would it be like if we could understand dogs?” Bowlingual has two parts.____(48)The translation is done in the gadget using a database(资料库)containing every kind of bark. Based on animal behaviour research，these noises are divided into six categories：happiness，Sadness, frustration，anger，declaration and desire._____(49)In this way，the database scientifically matches a bark to an emotion，which is then translated into one of 200 phrases. When a visitor went to Fukuda’s house recently，the dog barked a loud“bow wow”.This translated as“Don’t come this way”_____(50) The product will be available in US pet stores this summer for about US$120 It can store up to 100 barks，even recording the dog’s emotions when the owner is away. A A wireless microphone is attached to the dog’s collar,which sends information to the gadget held by the owner． B Nobody really knows how a dog feels C It was followed by“I’m stronger than you”as the dog growled(嗥叫)and sniffed(嗅)at the visitor D More customers are expected when the English version is launched this summer E Now，the Japanese girl thinks she knows F Each one of these emotions is then linked to a phrase like“Let’s play”，“Look at me”，or “Spend more time with me”． 第6部分：完形填空 (第5l～65题，每题1分，共1 5分) 第 32 页 共 156 页 阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Earth’s Inner Core Scientists have long struggled to understand what lies at the planet’s center, Direct observation of its center is impossible，so researchers must_____(51)to other evidence. In 1889，a German scientist detected a severe earthquake in Japan.Geophysicists concluded that shock waves_____(52)jolts(晃动)from one side of Earth through the center to the other side.Then in 1936，Danish geophysicist Inge Lehmann studied the waves______(53) to determine that within Earth’s core of molten(熔化了的)iron lies a solid inner core-but_____(54)that core was made of eluded(难倒)her.Other geophysicists quickly determined that Lehmann’s inner core was composed mostly_____(55)iron. Since then，Lehmann’s discovery has_____(56)conventional Earth science. But now scientists are challenging traditional theory with new and radical _____(57) For example，Earth’s center could actually contain an“inner core within the inner core，claim Ishii and colleague Adam Dziewonski. Analyzing hundreds of thousands of earthquake wave _____(58),they maintain that the inner core has at its heart a tiny, even more solid sphere(球体) . This sphere‘may be the oldest fossil____(59)from the formation of Earth，”says Dziewonski. Dziewonski and Ishii speculate that shortly_____(60) Earth formed around 4.8billion years ago，a giant asteroid(小行星)smashed into the young planet and nearly melted it. But Earth’s center didn’t quite melt;it______(61)mass as the planet cooled. The core within a core may be the kernel(核心)that endured.“Its presence could change our basic ideas about the_____ (62)of the planet，”Dziewonski says idea is tame(温和的)compared to the_____(63)theories of independent geophysicist J.Marvin Herndon.Earth’s inner core is made not of iron，he claims but a_____(64)of nickel and silicon Hemdon has a truly revolutionary notion：Within the nickel silicide(硅化物)inner core is also an“inner”inner core—an 8 km—wide ball of the element uranium.Uranium is radioactive.Hemdon thinks the uranium releases heat energy as its atoms_____(65)fission-split and crash into another in a chain reaction. In other words,we may live on top of a gigantic, “natural”nuclear power plant. 51 A try B leave C turn D point 52 A create B receive C feel D overcome 53 A work B solution C job D patterns 54 A whether B what C why D how 55 A from B within C of D to 56 A followed B dominated C restored D opposed 57 A ideas B demands C phenomena D movements 第 33 页 共 156 页 58 A things B acts C methods D records 59 A taken B benefited C left D kept 60 A after B before C since D when 61 A expanded B modified C gained D melted 62 A size B origin C structure D shape 63 A radical B traditional C classical D conventional 64 A system B copy C model D compound 65 A charge B last C experience D show 满分100分，其中 1一15每题1分； 16—30每题1分； 31—45每题3分0 46—50每题2分0 51—65每题i分。 >>>>>>>>2005年职称英语考试理工类A类真题参考答案<<<<<<<< 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．D 12 A 13．C 14．B 15．A 16．A 17．C 18．A 19．C 20．A 21．B 22．B 23．D 24．A 25．E 26．B 27．C 28．F 29．D 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．B 40 C 41．B 42．C 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．E 47．D 48．A 49．F 50．C 51．C 52．A 53．D 54．B 55．C 56．B 57．A 58．D 59．C 60．A 61．C 62．B 63．A 64．D 65．C 2005年职称英语等级考试理工类(A级)答案解析 第1部分·词汇选项 1 A motive：动机。reason：理由。这两个词意思比较接近。There is no reason to doubt his word，没有理由不相信他的话。excuse：借口， answer和reply都有“回 答”的意思。 2 C widen和broaden都有“拓宽”的意思。twist：弯曲。stretch：延伸。The forests Stretch for hundreds of miles．森林绵延数百英里。bend：弯曲。 3 C lure：吸引。temptation：吸引。这两个词意思相近。abuse：滥用。flavor：滋味；consumption：消费。 4 D immense和enormous都有“巨大的”的意思。 it was an enormous disappointment此事太令人失望了。natural：自然的；tiny：微小的：fatal：致命的。 第 34 页 共 156 页 5 B remedy：补救。improve：改进。这两个词意思相近。Herbal medicine can be used to improve our health．草药可用于增进我们的健康。maintain：保持。protect：保护。assess：评估。 6 A collaborate：合作；勾结。cooperate：合作。 She has agreed to cooperate with the police in the investigation．她同意在调查中跟警察台作。compete：比赛。combine：合并。argue：争论。 7 A consolidate：巩固。strengthen：巩固，加强。To strengthen his position in Parliament，he held talks with leaders of the Peasant Party，为了加强在国会中的地位， 他跟农民党的领导人进行了会谈。control：控制。abandon：放弃。exercise：行使。 8 B probe：探索。explore：探索。这两个词意思很相近。Both parties are exploring ways of settling the dispute．双方都在寻求解决争端的办法。solve：解决。settle：解决。handle：处理。 9 D alleviate：减轻。relieve：减轻：变小。remove：去掉；切除。cure：治疗。 worsen：严重。 10 B defect：缺陷。fault：缺陷。function：功能。motion：意向。part：部分。 11 D insufficient：不充分的。inadequate：不充分的。Supplies of food and medicine inadequate食物和药品供应不足。instant：迫切的。infinite：无限的。 12 A perish：死亡。die：死亡。The old man will die soon．这个老人很快会死去。suffer：蒙受。float：漂浮。scatter：散乱。 13 C inthe end：最后。ultimately：最后。The food ultimately arrived at the end of last month．食品终于在上月末运到了。certainly：当然。necessarily：必定地。 14 B complicated：复杂的。complex：复杂的。The issue is very complex．这个问题 太复杂了。strange：奇怪的。difficult：困难的。personal：个人的。funny：有趣的。 15 A appraisal：评价。evaluation：评价。Evaluation is standard practice for all training 评价是各种教育的通常的做法。production：生产。efficiency：效率。publicity 出名。 第2部分：阅读判断 16 A 题句的意思是物理学家长相是什么样子的，多数人持有相同的看法。第一段最后一句用一句具体的信息表明了这层意思。 17 c 题句的意思是当今英国多数物理学家是从剑桥毕业的。文中没有提到此信息，故选C。 18 A 该题的信息在第三段第一句可以找到。故选A。 19 c 题句说的是未来女科学家的数量会大于男性科学家的数量。文中未提到此信息。故选c。 20 A 此句的信息见第四段第二句后半部分。 2l B 题旬的意思是说疯疯癫癫的科学家的形象对社会是有益的。显然与文意不符，故选B。 第 35 页 共 156 页 22 B 题旬说国际科学奥林匹克比赛每两年举行一次。文章最后一段提到此比赛每年在不同国家举行一次。题句意思与原文不符，故选B。 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23 D 文章第一段主要讲的是什么是克隆?即克隆的基本概念，故选D。 24 A 文章第二段主要讲的是Seed的言论引起媒体激烈的反应，故选A。 25 E 文章第三段主要讲一些科学家对克隆的正面反应，认为人们无法阻挡科技的进步。 26 B 文章第四段主要谈公众对未来克隆技术的担心，故选B。 27 c 文中提到Seed的言论，他认为未来两年内就会有克隆人出现，故选c。 28 F 文章第二段谈到Seed的言论引起了激烈的反应，故选F。 29 D 文章第二段最后一句提到美国通过了禁止克隆人的法律，故选D。 30 B 文章最后一段提到未来5到10年内人们可能会找到克隆人的办法，即会有克隆人出现，故选B。 第4部分：阅读理解31 D mirror和reflection都有\是reflect，在第一段中出现了两次。vehicle是\需要\ 32 A 该题问的是：Bruce Hardy为Althouse公交公司工作了多少年了?第四段的第二句话是这么说的：今年，他要庆祝为AM。house公交公司工作30年。 33 c 该题问的是：下面的哪一种说法不符合Brice Hardy实际情况?A和B可见于第三段第二行。D可见于第四段的后半部分。c说的是：Bruce Hardy不耐心。 第三段说到了Bruce Hardy是一个很好的听众，他总是听着你要说的话。可见，说Bruce Hardy不耐心不符合实际情况。 34 B 该题问的是：谁创立了Althouse公交公司?A说的是：Larry Althouse。Larry。Althouse是公司的总裁。B说的是：Althouse的祖父。倒数第二段有这样一句话： 我(Althouse)的祖父开始经营时只有一辆公共汽车。可见，B是正确答案。 35 D 该题问的是：Althouse公交公司注重什么?A说的是：雇用年轻司机。B说的是：经营素质学校。c：提供免费驾驶课程。D：建立良好的关系。 第 36 页 共 156 页 36 A 该题问的是：当今人们面临的一个大的问题是什么?文章第～句就给出了答案：人们太忙了，不能被连续不断的电话骚扰。要么关闭手机。 37 c 第二段中的that是代词，指上段最后两旬句子的内容。而答案在第一句的后半部分：确定何时适合打扰你。 38 D 本题题干的意思是在Camegie Mellon大学的科学家试图找出……?答案在第三段最后一句，第四段第一句也给出了部分答案。 39 B 本题问的是实验中，受试者被要求干什么?答案在第五段第二句：受试者对是否可被打断工作做出评定，评定范围从\ 40 c 本题和倒数第二段第一句有关，说的是实验中电脑比人表现得好，问原因是什么?这段最后一句说了，people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased…，即人有偏见，故c为答案。 41 B 该题问的是Nyos和Monoun两湖喷发时会出现什么情况?第一段第五句提到，Monoun喷发时有毒气体随之而出。两年后，Nyos湖喷发时也出现类似情况。 故B为答案。 42 c 本题为细节题。问的是关于Nyos和Monoun两湖哪句陈述是正确的?选项A说的是两湖于1984年形成的，不符合原文意思。选项B的意思是：他们坐落在两座活活火山上，也与原文意思不符。选项D说的是湖中的水定期翻滚，均与原文不符。只有选项c正确。 43 D 题句的意思是：Nyos和Monoun两湖发生喷发的原因是什么?前三个选项均与原文意思不符，答案见第三段第二句。 44 A 本题问的是一队科学家干了什么工作?第四段第三句提到他们在湖里立了一根释放湖底气压的管子。故A为答案。 45 c 本题问的是在文章最后一段我们了解到了什么?文章最后一段主要讲的是在所有的湖里竖起缓解湖底气压的管子后，就不会有危险。故选项c为正确答案。 第5部分：补全短文46 E 文章的第一句话提出了Kimiko Fukuda一直在想的一件事，即狗究竟想表达什么。紧接着应该给出一个答案是比较符合逻辑的。E就是答案。 47 D 上一句话说的30万日本养狗人已经买了人狗翻译机。符合逻辑的一步是更多的人还会买。因此D是合理的选项。 48 A 上一句说的是Bowlingual这个装置有两个部分。接着应该是具体说明。A是对装置的具体说明。 第 37 页 共 156 页 49 F 第五段的第一句话说的是：根据动物行为研究，这些杂音可以分成六类：幸福；悲痛；受挫；气愤；声称；欲望。因为是人狗翻译机，这些情感还需要跟人 的话对应起来。 50 c 上一句话说的是：当一个客人最近来到Fukuda的屋时，狗大声地叫着\的声音。因为是在讲人狗翻译机，下面一句话应该讲的是它的翻译。因此c是对的。 第6部分：完形填空51 c turn to other evidence：寻求其他证据。Tum to属固定搭配。 52 A create jolts：造成震动。其他几个选项意思不符。 53 D wayes'patterns：波浪的形状。科学家通过研究震波的形状了解地球的情况。 54 B 此处的意思是地心是由什么构成的难倒了她。这里应使用what构成名词性从旬，作主语。 55 c compose of：由……组成。固定短语。 56 B dominate：占统治地位，支配。Lehamann的发现在传统地球科学领域占统治地位。 57 A 此处的意思是：现在的科学家正用新的、激进的观点挑战传统的理论。本题只有填ideas才符合本句的意思。 58 D 此处填records，本句的意思是：通过分析数十万次地震波的记录，他们认为……。其他几个选项与句意不符。 59 c left：留下来的。此处的意思是：这一球体可能是地球形成时留下来的最古老的化石。 60 A 依据上下文，应用afte~句子意思才讲得通。 61 c gain：获取。gained mass as the planet cooled：在星球(这里指地球)变冷的过程中，它逐渐获得了质量。 62 B 本文主要谈地球起源问题，故此处应填ongm。 63 A 本句前面出现的一个词是\ 64 D nickel和silicon的混合物，compound：混合物。 65 c fission-split：裂变。经历裂变，用动词experience。 第 38 页 共 156 页 2006年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每 题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She was a puzzle A.girl B.woman C.problem D.mystery 2 Her speciality is heart surgery. A.region B.site C.field D.platform 3 France has kept intimate links with its former African territories. A.friendly B.private C.strong D.secret 4 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly A.spread B.mixed C.beaten D.covered 5 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society， A.destroyed B.broke C.smashed D.changed 6 Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. A.posted B.sent C.given D.handed 7 The change in that village was miraculous. A.conservative B.amazing C.insignificant D.unforgettable 8 Customers often defer payment for as long as possible A.make 第 39 页 共 156 页 B.demand C.postpone D.obtain 9 Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year. A.ban B.remove C.eliminate D.expel 10 She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset. A.declares B.asserts C.describes D.announces 11 From my standpoint，this thing is just ridiculous A.field B.point of view C.knowledge D.information 12 The latest census is encouraging A.statement B.assessment C.evaluation D.count 13 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy A.different B.proud C.uncomfortable D.unconscious 14 Reading the job ad，he wondered whether he was eligible，to apply for it A.able B.fortunate C.qualified D.competent 15 He was elevated to the post of prime minister. A.pulled B.promoted C.lifted D.treated 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提 供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C. 第 40 页 共 156 页 Monarch without a Kingdom This November， a hundred million butterflies will drop from the sky over Mexico， like autumn leaves. But for how long？ Genetically modified maize （玉米） could mean extinction for this beautiful butterfly， Rafael Ruiz reports. Although its body is about 3 cm long and it only weighs 1 gin， the Monarch butterfly manages to travel 5，000 km each year. It seems to be so fragile， but its long journeys are proof of its amazing ability to survive. This autumn， the Monarch butterfly will once more set out on its journey from the US. It will keep going until it reaches Mexico. It travels these huge distances to escape the cold weather in the north. In November， millions of Monarchs fall like bright， golden rain onto the forests in the mountains of central Mexico. In the silence of these mountains you can hear a strange flapping （拍动） of wings， as the Monarchs arrive at their destination. In the mountains， which reach a height of 3，000 metres， the butterflies are safe. Before reaching their journey’s end they have faced strong winds， rain and snowstorms and they do not all manage to reach their destination. When the winters are really bad， perhaps 70 per cent of them will not survive. Their long journey to Mexico is thought to be one of the most amazing events in the whole of the American continent. When they get there they will stay until the beginning of April， when their internal calendar tells them that it is time to go back. The long journey， with all its dangers， begins again. These delicate creatures now face danger of another kind - from scientific progress. In the US， millions of farms grow genetically modified maize which is pure poison for the butterfly. Laboratory experiments have shown that half of the butterflies which feed on the leaves of genetically modified maize die within 48 hours. Not all experts agree that this variety of maize is responsible for the threat to the Monarchs. In spite of these doubts， the European Union has refused to approve new crops of genetically modified maize until further investigations have been carried out. Greenpeace is campaigning against genetically modified products （in Spain， there are already 20，000 hectares of modified maize）。 The environmental organization recently published a list of 100 species of butterfly in Europe alone which are threatened with extinction. 16 The Monarch butterfly travels 5，000 km each year. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 17 The Monarch butterfly looks fragile. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 18 The Mexicans like butterflies very much. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 19 in bad winters， about 70 per cent of the butterflies can stay alive 第 41 页 共 156 页 A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 20 In early April， the butterflies leave their winter homes flying back north A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 21 Genetically modified maize isn’t poisonous to the butterflies. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22 Genetically modified products are not popular in Mexico A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每 题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 The Science of Sport 1 At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens， the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles （跨栏） when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds. This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter （短跑运动员） Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast. 2 Record-breaking in all track events is Slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless， every four years， records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So what’s behind this never-ending improvement in performance？ And how long can we keep breaking records？ Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds？ 3 Most experts agree that it isn’t the athletes’ bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed， but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athlete’s body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance. 4 Scientists have shown that an athlete’s body’s needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling， for example， are endurance （耐力） sports and require a different parathion （硝苯硫磷脂） to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports， changes in techniques have significantly improved performance. 5 But in any sport， a player’s success or failure results from a combination of both physical 第 42 页 共 156 页 and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance~ For example， the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match， tennis players are encouraged to use visualization （想象） techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice. 6 But as science begins to dominate sport， are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition， the sporting challenge？ What’s more， are all these advantages fair？ 23 Paragraph 2__________. 24 Paragraph 3__________. 25 Paragraph 4__________. 26 Paragraph 5__________. A.Different sports require different training programs. B.Science may be too important today. C.Sports equipment has been improved a lot. D.Athletes are still breaking records. E.Sport science helps improve athletes’ performances. F.Mental training is as important as physical training. 27 It is more difficult for today’s athletes__________. 28 We don’t know if there is a limit__________. 29 Research has helped coaches__________. 30 Scientific advances are suspected__________. A.to avoid psychological techniques__________. B.to break records C.to better understand the athlete’s body and mind D.to time and space E.to be replacing the sporting challenge F.to human performance 第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Is the Tie a Necessity？ Ties， or neckties， have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So， are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties？ Maybe. Last week， the UK’s Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be tree of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives. In fact， Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities （知名人士） without ties， which would have been unimaginable even in the 第 43 页 共 156 页 recent past. For some more conservative British， the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier， Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan， the tile was a sign of being complete， of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church， to work in the office， to a party - almost every social occasion. But today， people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a “band”。 The term could mean anything around a man’s neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear （颈饰）impressed Charles II， the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660， he brought this new fashion item along with him. It wasn’t， however， until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful， flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then， clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer’s membership in the late 19th century. After that， the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen. But now， even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway， the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood. 31 The tie symbolizes all of the following except A.respect B.elegance C.politeness D.democracy 32 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie？ A.Because he wants to make a show B.Because he wants to attract attention. C.Because ties are costly. D.Because he wants to live in a casual way. 33 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion？ A.Going to church. B.Going to work in the office. C.Staying at home. D.Going to a party. 34 Who brought the Frenchmen’s neckwear to Britain？ A.Tony Blair. B.Charles ll. C.Jim Callaghan. D.Andrew Turnbull. 35 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly？ A.After the late 19th century. B.In the 1630s. C.In 1660. 第 44 页 共 156 页 D.In the late 18th century. 第二篇 Where Have All the Frogs Gone？ In the 1980s， scientists around the world began to notice something strange： Frogs were disappearing. More recent research has shown that many kinds of amphibians （两栖动物） are declining or have become extinct. They have been around for a long time - over 350 million years. Why are they dying out now？ Scientists are seriously concerned about this question. First of all， amphibians are an important source of scientific and medical knowledge. By studying amphibians， scientists have learned about new substances that could be very useful for treating human diseases. Further research could lead to many more discoveries， but that will be impossible if the amphibians disappear. The most serious aspect of amphibian loss， however， goes beyond the amphibians themselves. Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian decline means for the planet as a whole. If the earth is becoming unlivable for amphibians， is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human beings as well？ Scientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors. One of these factors is the destruction of habitat， the natural area where an animal lives. Amphibians are very sensitive to changes in their habitat. If they cannot find the right conditions， they will not lay their eggs. These days， as wild areas are covered with houses， roads， farms， or factories， many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs. For example， the arroyo toad （蟾蜍） of southern California will only lay its eggs on the sandy bottom of a slow-moving stream. There are very few streams left in southern California， and those streams are often muddy because of building projects. Not surprisingly， the arroyo toad is now in danger of extinction. There are a number of other factors in amphibian decline. Pollution is one of them. In many industrial areas， air pollution has poisoned the rain， which then falls on ponds and kills the frogs and toads that live there. In farming areas， the heavy use of chemicals on crops has also killed off amphibians. Another factor is that air pollution has led to increased levels of ultraviolet （UV） light. This endangers amphibians， which seem to be especially sensitive to UV light. And finally， scientists have discovered a new disease that seems to be killing many species of amphibians in different parts of the world. All these reasons for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general concern. The destruction of land， the pollution of the air and the water， the changes in our atmosphere， the spread of diseases - these factors affect human beings， too. Amphibians are especially sensitive to environmental change. Perhaps they are like the canary （金丝雀） bird that coal miners once used to take down into the mines to detect poisonous gases. When the canary became ill or died， the miners knew that dangerous gases were near and their own lives were in danger. 36 Losing amphibians means losing A.knowledge about fatal human diseases. B.knowledge about air and water pollution. 第 45 页 共 156 页 C.a chance to discover new medicines. D.an opportunity to detect poisonous gases. 37 Amphibians lay their eggs A.in any stream they can find， B.in places without UV light， C.only on sand. D.only in the right conditions 38 The arroyo toad is disappearing because A.it has been threatened by frogs. B.it is losing its habitat. C.a disease has been killing its eggs. D.it can’t bear the cold of winter. 39 Coal miners once used the canary bird to detect A.poisonous gases. B.air pollution. C.water leakage. D.radiation. 40 Scientists think that the decline of amphibians could A.cause environmental change. B.cause a decline in other kinds of animals. C.be a warning signal for human beings. D.be a good sign for human beings. 第三篇 Controlling Robots with the Mind Belle， our tiny monkey， was seated in her special chair inside a chamber at our Duke University lab. Her right hand grasped a joystick （操纵杆） as she watched a horizontal series of lights on a display panel. She knew that if a light suddenly shone and she moved the joystick left or right to correspond to its position， she would be sent a drop of fruit juice into her mouth. Belle wore a cap glued to her head. Under it were four plastic connectors， which fed arrays of microwires-each wire finer than the finest sewing thread- into different regions of Belle’s motor cortex （脑皮层）， tile brain tissue that plans movements and sends instructions. Each of the 100 microwires lay beside a single motor neuron （神经元）。 When a neuron produced an electrical discharge， the adjacent microwire would capture the current and send it up through a small wiring bundle that ran from Belle’s cap to a box of electronics on a table next to the booth. The box， in turn， was linked to two computers， one next door and the other half a country away. After months of hard work， we were about to test the idea that we could reliably translate the raw electrical activity in a living being’s brain-Belle’s mere thoughts-into signals that could direct the actions of a robot. We had assembled a multijointed robot arm in this room， away from Belle’s view， which she would control for the first time. As soon as Belle’s brain sensed a lit spot on the panel， electronics in the box running two real-time mathematical models would rapidly 第 46 页 共 156 页 analyze the tiny action potentials produced by her brain cells. Our lab computer would convert the electrical patterns into instructions that would direct the robot arm. Six hundred miles north， in Cambridge， Mass， a different computer would produce the same actions in another robot arm built by Mandayam A Srinivasan. If we had done everything correctly， the two robot arms would behave as Belle’s arm did， at exactly the same time. Finally the moment came. We randomly switched on lights in front of Belle， and she immediately moved her joystick back and forth to correspond to them. Our robot arm moved similarly to Belle’s real arm. So did Sriniwlsan’s. Belle and the robots moved in synchrony （同步）， like dancers choreographed （设计舞蹈动作） by the electrical impulses sparking in Belle’s mind. In the two years since that day， our labs and several others have advanced neuroscience， computer science and microelectronics to create ways for rats， monkeys and eventually humans to control mechanical and electronic machines purely by “thinking through，” or imagining， the motions. Our immediate goal is to help a person who has been unable to move by a neurological （神经的） disorder or spinal cord （脊髓） injury， but whose motor codex is spared， to operate a wheelchair or a robotic limb. 41 Belle would be fed some fruit juice if she A.grasped the joystick. B.moved the joystick to the side of the light. C.sat quietly in a special chair. D.watched lights on a display panel. 42 The wires fixed under Belle’s cap were connected to A.a plastic box next door. B.a computer at Cambridge University， C.a box of electronics in the booth. D.a box which， in turn， was linked to two computers 43 Which of the following is NOT true of the robot built by Srinivasan？ A.It was directed by signals converted from the electrical activity in Belle’s brain B.It converted the electrical patterns into instructions for the other robot. C.It was six hundred miles away from where Belle was. D.It could perform the same function as Belle did. 44 Which of the following statements indicates the success of the experiment？ A.Belle responded to the robots successfully. B.Belle and the robots danced beautifully. C.Belle and the robots responded to the lights at the same time. D.The two robots moved the joysticks successively. 45 The short-term goal of the research is to help a person A.whose motor cortex is seriously damaged. B.who can operate a wheelchair but not a robotic limb. C.who has spinal cord injury but is able to move a wheelchair. D.who is unable to move but whose motor cortex is not damaged 第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分） 第 47 页 共 156 页 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 How Did She Conquer the Americans？ African-American talk show queen Oprah Winfrey is the world’s most powerful celebrity， according to Forbes magazine.______（46） Winfrey， 51， draws 30 million viewers weekly in the United States. Her talk show reaches 112 countries. She earned US$225 million over the past 12 months to rank second in celebrity riches. The annual Forbes list gives most weight to annual earnings.______（47） “After 21 years， her exciting chat show still rules the airwaves. It created new celebrities and hundreds of millions of dollars in profits，” the magazine said. Winfrey is most popular with her popular talk show “The Oprah Winfrey Show”。 She can always attract the superstars and let them open up to her intimate interviewing style. Last month， American actor Tom Cruise， 42， surprised fans when he celebrated his new romance with 26-year-old actress Katie Holmes. He jumped up and down， shouting “I’m in love.” Only a few years ago， Cruise and his ex-wife Nicole Kidman appeared separately on the same show telling the news of their divorce______（48） Winfrey’s approach appears to be simple. She is in pursuit of self-improvement and self-empowerment （自强）。 This has proved to be just what people， especially women， want. Winfrey often talks about her personal secrets on her show. That pulls in viewers. For example， she revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child， and has spoken freely of her struggle with her weight. Winfrey was born to a poor family in Mississippi in 1954______（49） At the age of 19， she became the youngest person and the first African*American woman to anchor （主持） a news programme. Her success has not just been on the screen. Her media group includes a women’s TV network and websites for women. Winfrey’s work has extended to social change. ______（50） She testified before the US Senate to establish a national database of dangerous child abusers. President Bill Clinton later signed “Oprah Bill” into law. A.But it also looks at the celebrity’s presence on the Internet and in the media B.In 1991， she did a lot of work for the National Child Protection Act. C.She was not a very successful woman D.She began broadcasting while still at high school E.It placed Winfrey at the top of its annual ranking of the 100 people last week. F.The couple had been tight-lipped about their break-up. 第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分） 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Solar Storm At the end of October 2003， a sudden solar storm hit the earth. A.solar storm refers to the large amounts of charged particles released into space______（51）the solar energy increases. The 第 48 页 共 156 页 release of the energy______（52） place along with the activity of the sunspots with a cycle of： 11 years. This time， the______（53） of the storm exceeded expectations. This______（54） of intense solar storm was caused by the eruption of a solar flare （闪光） and the ejection （喷发） of the solar corona （日冠） on October 28， 2003. Large amounts of charged particles moved 150，000，000 kilometers through space toward the______（55） in 19 hours. They could affect aircraft roaming （漫游） in space. The high-energy particles will______（56） some of the parts of an aircraft. They may also cause it to fail. High-energy particles can threaten the safety of an aircraft at a high orbit. If an aircraft orbits at a lower orbit， it is______（57）because it is under the protection of the earth’s magnetic field. A solar storm not only affects aircraft but also is a______（58） to the environment and humans. The aerosphere and magnetic field of the earth can______（59） humans from ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. While most of the X-rays are absorbed after they enter the aerosphere （大气层）， still a few can______（60） the ground. The geomagnetic storm caused by this round of solar storm reaches its highest level on the two______（61） of the earth， which affects electricity supply of North America. Overexposure to______（62） threatens the health of passengers on planes flying over the Polar Regions. If we fly in the sky during such a solar storm， it______（63） we receive ten times the X-ray radiation. It’s really damaging. Scientists say a solar eruption is like the sun sneezing， which will make the earth______（64） a cold. Though this natural force is irresistible， scientists can still______（65） its movement accurately by monitoring. Facing successive solar storms， humans can’t drop their guard 51 A.since B.when C.until D.though 52 A.finds B.adjusts C.holds D.takes 53 A.intensity B.height C.width D.density 54 A.piece B.part C.round D.set 55 第 49 页 共 156 页 A.star B.earth C.moon D.sun 56 A.dominate B.develop C.damage D.descend 57 A.safe B.dangerous C.comfortable D.manageable 58 A.limit B.cause C.force D.threat 59 A.separate B.benefit C.distinguish D.protect 60 A.lose B.reach C.break D.prepare 61 A.poles B.mountains C.rivers D.lakes 62 A.light B.storm C.radiation D.pressure 63 A.recommends B.means C.proposes 第 50 页 共 156 页 D.advises 64 A.turn B.stop C.become D.catch 65 A.detect B.start C.experience D.change >>>>>>>>2006年职称英语考试理工类A类真题参考答案<<<<<<<< 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 D C B A B F D C B E B C A 2 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57 62 C B D A C B D D D A D A C 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 48 53 58 63 A C C C D F C B B F A D B 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 B A C B E C B A C D C D D 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 D C B A A E A C D B B B A 2007年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析 第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.The news will horrify everyone. A.attract B.terrify C.tempt D.excite 2.The article sketched the major events of the decade. A.described B.offered C.outlined D.presented 第 51 页 共 156 页 3.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior. A.bear B.accept C.admit D.take 4.Their style of playing football is utterly different. A.barely B.scarcely C.hardly D.totally 5.Her sister urged her to apply for the job. A.advised B.caused C.forced D.promised 6.Even sensible men do absurd things. A.unusual B.ridiculous C.special D.typical 7.She bumped inot her boyfriend in town this morning. A.walked B.came C.fled D.ran 8.This sort of thing is bound to happen. A.sure B.quick C.fast D.swift 9.At the age of 30,Hersey suddenly became a celebrity. A.boss B.manager C.star D.dictator 10.He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one. A.judge B.assess C.distinguish D.recognize 11.They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the lndians who dwell in it. A.live B.sleep C.hide D.gather 12.The index is the government’s chief gauge of future economic activity. A.method B.measure C.way D.manner 13.The architecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey high. A.old-fashioned B.traditional C.conventional D.balanced 14.The food is inadequate for ten people. A.demanded B.qualified C.insufficient D.required 15.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends. A.persisted B.insisted C.resisted D.suggested 第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 When We Are Asleep Everyone dreams,but some peopole never recall their dreams,or do so very rarely.Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆) of their dreams,though they forget them very quickly.In an average night of eight hours’ sleep,an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes,probably having three to five dreams,each lasting from ten to thirty minutes. Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain.During dreaming,these waves move more quickly.Breathing and pulse rate also increase,and there are rapid eye movements under the lids,just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects.These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals (哺 乳动物) studied,including dogs,monkeys,cats,and elephants,and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物).This period of sleep is called the“D”state for around 50% of their 第 52 页 共 156 页 sleep;the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10. Dreams take the form of stories,but they may be strange and with incidents not connected,which make little sense.Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know.One estimate says that two-thirds of the“cast”of our dream dramas are friends and relations.Vision seems an essential part of dreams,except for people blind from birth.Sound and touch are senses also often aroused,but smell and taste are not frequently involved.In“normal”dreams,the dreamer may be taking part,or be only an observer.But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream. However,the dreamer does have control over one type of dream.This type of dream is called a“lucid”(清醒的) dream.Not everyone is a lucid dreamer.Some people are occasional lucid dreamers.Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time.In a lucid dream,the dreamer knows that he is dreaming. 16.Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 17.In an average night,males dream longer than females. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 18.When we dream,there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 19.Babies dream less than older children. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 20.Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 21.We rarely smell things in dreams. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22.In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others. A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Memory Test 1“I am going to give you five techniques that will enable you to remember anything you need to know at school,”promised lecturer lan Robinson to a hundred schoolchildren.He slapped his hand down on the table.“When I’ve finished in two hours’ time,your work will be far more effective and productive.Anyone not interested,leave now.”The entire room sat still. 2Robinson calls himself the Mind Magician (魔术师).He specializes in doing magic tricks that look totally impossible,and then he reveals that they involve nothing more mysterious than good old-fashioned trickery (骗术).“I have always been interested in tricks involving memory-being able to reel off (一口气 说出) the order of cards in a pack,that sort of thing,”he explains. 第 53 页 共 156 页 3Robinson was already lecturing to schools on his magic techniques when it struck him that students might find memory techniques even more valuable.“It wasn’t difficult area to move inot,as the stuff’s all there in books.”So he summarized everything to make a two-hour lecture about five techniques. 4“You want to learn a list of a hundred things?A thousand?No problem,”says Robinson.The scandal is that every child is not taught the techniques from the beginning of their school life.The schoolchildren who were watching him thought it was brilliant.“I wish I’d been told this earlier,”commented Mark,after Robinson had shown them how to construct“mental journeys”. 5Essentially,you visualize (想象) a walk down a street,or a trip round a room,and pick the points where you will put the things you want to remember-the lamppost,the fruit bowl.Then in each location you put a visual representation of your list-phrasal verbs,historical dates,whatever-making them as strange as possible.It is that simple,and it works. 6The reaction of schools has been uniformly enthusiastic.“The pupils benefited enormously from lan’s presentation,”says Dr Johnston,head of the school where Robinson was speaking.“ldeally we should run a regular class in memory techniques so pupils can pick it up gradually.” 23.Paragraph 2 _________. 24.Paragraph 3 _________. 25.Paragraph 4 _________. 26.Paragraph 5 _________. A.Good results B.An ancient skill C.Gaining attention D.Memory tricks E.A lecture on memory techniques F.Ways to improve memory 27.The memory techniques used are no more complex than the old ____. 28.Robinson taught children to use“mental journeys”to improve ____. 29.Robinson told the pupils that all the memory techniques could be found in ____. 30.The schoolchildren got a lot from the magician’s ____. A.books B.lecture C.tricks D.facts E.memory F.list 第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇Trying to Find a Parther 第 54 页 共 156 页 One of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with. Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships?Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love?Or are we making it harder for ourselves? It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesn’t expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children. But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence. In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate (心上人) was constrained by geography,social convention and family tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster (牡蛎),you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl. But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice. The expectations of partners are inflated to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression. We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isn’t,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don’t put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership. 31.What does the recent poll show? A.It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband. B.It is getting increasingly difficult to start a familyl. C.It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife. D.It is getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse. 32.Which of the following is NOT true about a contemporary married couple? A.The wife doesn’t have to raise the children all by herself. B.The husband doesn’t have to support the family all by himself. C.The wife is no longer the only person to manage the household. D.They will receive a large sum of money from the govemment. 33.Which of the following was NOT a constraint on one’s choice of soulmate in the old days? A.The health condition of his or her grandmother. 第 55 页 共 156 页 B.The geographical environment. C.The social convention. D.The family tradition. 34.Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passage? A.Good looks. B.An impressive career. C.A high salary. D.A fine sense of humor. 35.The word“sustain”(paragraph 2)could be best replaced by A.“reduce”. B.“shake”. C.“maintain”. D.“weaken”. 第二篇A Very Slow Ride The surface of the earth may seem very stable to you.But you might be amazed if you knew some of the things that are going on under that surface. The earth has an outer shell of rigid pieces called tectonic plates (地壳构造板块).The plates include both ocean floor and dry land.Some have whole continents on top of them.The continents on top of the plates are just going along for a slow ride,moving only about four inches per year.But even this small movement causes three types of big interactions. One type is ocean ridges.These ridges develop in places where two plates are moving away from each other.As the plates separate,hot magma(岩浆)flows up to fill the space.New crust(地壳)builds up on the plate boundaries and causes ocean ridges.These ridges form long mountain ranges,which only rise above the ocean surface in a few places. Another type of reaction-trenches-occurs between two plates that are moving toward each other.As the plates meet,one bends downward and plunges undemeath the other.This forms deep ocean trenches.The Marianas Trench off Guam in the western Pacific Ocean has a depth of more than 36,000 feet.This is the lowest point on the ocean floor.If the leading edges of the two colliding plates carry continents,then the layers of rock in the overriding plate crumple(变皱)and fold.A plate that carried what is now lndia collided with the southern edge of the plate that carried Europe and most of Asia.This caused the Himalayas,the world’s highest mountains. The third reaction is transform faults(转换断层).These faults occur where two plates that are traveling in opposite directions slide past each other.Severe earthquakes can occur.The San Andreas Fault in Califomia is a good example of this type of movement. 36.The word“stable”(paragraph 1)means A.“a place for horses”. B.“calm and easygoing”. 第 56 页 共 156 页 C.“steady or firm”. D.“a collection of animals”. 37.To explain the effect of trenches,the writer gives the example of A.the sea floor in the Atlantic Ocean. B.the Himalayan Mountains. C.Europe. D.lndia. 38.The San Andreas Fault is an example of A.a severe earthquake. B.a California rock formation. C.two plates moving apart. D.two plates aliding past each other. 39.According to the passage,the earth is A.always changing. B.becoming smaller. C.moving faster. D.getting hotter. 40.This passage is mostly about A.effects of movements of the earth’s plates. B.different types of continents. C.the Marianas Trench. D.transform faults. 第三篇Mobile Phones:Are They about to Transform Our Lives? We love them so much that some of us sleep with them under the pillow,yet we are increasingly concerned that we cannot escape their electronic reach.We use them to convey our most intimate secrets,yet we worry that they are a threat to our privacy.We rely on them more than the lnternet to cope with modern life,yet many of us don’t believe advertisements saying we need more advanced services. Sweeping aside the doubts that many people feel about the benefits of new third generation phones and fears over the health effects of phone masts(天线竿),a recent report clains that the long-term effects of new mobile technologies will be entirely positive so long as the public can be convinced to make use of them.Research about users of mobile phones reveals that the mobile has already moved beyond being a mere practical communications tool to become the backbone (支柱)of modern social life,from love affairs to friendship to work.One female teacher,32,told the researchers:“I love my phone.It’s my friend.” The close relationship between user and phone is most pronounced among teenagers,the report says,who regard their mobiles as an expression of their identity.This is partly because mobiles are seen as being beyond the control of parents.But the researchers suggest that another reason may be that mobiles,especially taxt messaging,are seen as a way of overcoming shyness.“Texting is often used for apologies,to excuse lateness or to communicate other things that make us uncomfortable,”the report says,The impact of phones,however,has been local rather than global,supporting existing friendships and networks,rather than opening users to a new broader community.Even the language of texting in one area can be incomprehensible to anybody 第 57 页 共 156 页 from another area. Among the most important benefits of using mobile phones,the report claims,will be a vastly improved mobile infrastructure(基础设施),providing gains throughout the economy,and the provision of a more sophisticated location-based services for users.The report calls on govemment to put more effort into the delivery of services by bobile phone,with suggestions including public transport and traffic information and doctors’ text messages to remind patients of appointments.“I love that idea,”one user said in an interview.“It would mean I wouldn’t have to write a hundred messages to myself.” There are many other possibilities.At a recent trade fair in Sweden,a mobile navigation product was launched.When the user enters a destination,a route is automatically downloaded to their mobile and presented by voice,pictures and maps as they drive.In future,these devices will also be able to plan around congestion(交通堵塞)and road works in real time.Third generation phones will also allow for remote monitoring of patients by doctors.In Britain scientists are developing a asthma(哮喘)management solution,using mobiles to detect early signs of an attack. 41.What does the writer suggest in the first paragraph about our attitudes to mobile phones? A.We can’t live without them. B.We are worried about using them so much. C.We have contradictory feelings about them. D.We need them more than anything else to deal with modem life. 42.Which of the following statements is true? A.Modern social life relies significantly on the use of mobile phones. B.Mobile phones make romantic communication more difficult. C.Mobile phones encourage people to make friends. D.Mobile phones enable people of different countries to talk without translation. 43.Teenagers have a close relationship with their mobile phones partly because they A.use text messages more than any other group. B.are more likely to be late than older people. C.tend to feel uncomfortable in many situations. D.take mobile phones as an indication of independence from their parents. 44.It is suggested that mobile phones should be used to A.give the address of the nearest hospital. B.show bus and train timetables. C.arrange delivery of mails. D.cure diseases. 45.The navigation product launched in Sweden is helpful to drivers because it can A.suggest the best route to get to a place. B.download maps of the area. C.tell them which roads are congested. D.show them how to avoid road works. 第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分） 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 第 58 页 共 156 页 American Dreams There is a common response to America among foreign writers:the US is a land of extremes where the best of things qre just as easily found as the worst.This is a cliche(陈词滥调). In the land of black and white,people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world.But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone.（46） No class system or govemment stands in the way. Sadly,this old argument is no longer true.Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy. The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened.（47） Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent.For the top 1 per cent,however,it has gone up 200 per cent.Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth.（48） Inequalities have grown worse in different regions.In California,incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969.（49） This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans.The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth.There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty.At 12.7 per cent of the population,it is the highest percentage in the developed world. Yet the tax burden on America’s rich is falling,not growing.（50） There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole.But clearly that theory has not worked in reality. A.Nobody is poor in the US. B.The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980. C.For upper class families they have risen 41 per cent. D.Now it is 9.8 times. E.As it does so,the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller. F.All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top. 第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分） 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Robots May Allow Surgery in Space Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on Earth to help perform surgery on patients in space. The tiny,wheeled robots,（51）are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a lipstick case,can be slipped into small incisions(切口)and computer-controlled by surgeons in different locations.Some robots are equipped（52）cameras and lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that can be（53）remotely. “We think this is going to （54）open surgery,”Dr Dmitry Oleynikov said at a news conference.Oleynikov is a （55）in computer-assisted surgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha. Officials hope that NASA will teach（56）to use the robots soon enough so that surgeries could one day be performed in space. On earth,the surgeons could control the robots themselves（57）other locations.For 第 59 页 共 156 页 example,the robots could enable surgeons in other places to （58）on injured soldiers on the front line.Researchers plan tp seek federal regulatory（59）early nest year.Tests on animals have been successful,and tests on humans in England will begin very soon. The camera-carrying robots can provide（60）of affected areas and the ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver(操控)inside the body in ways surgeons’ hands can’t.The views from the camera-carrying robots are （61）than the naked eye,because they（62）back color images that are magnified(放大).Because several robots can be inserted through one incision,they could reduce the amount and （63）of cuts needed for surgery,which would decrease recovery time.This is particularly（64）to those patients who have been debilitated(使虚弱)by long illness. Eventually,Oleynikov said,the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever（65）their hands in patients’ bodies.“That’s the goal,”Oleynikov said.“It’s getting easier and easier.We can do even more with these devices.” 51.A.since B.when C.which D.as 52.A.by B.with C.in D.on 53.A.controlled B.developed C.repaired D.provided 54.A.perform B.undergo C.follow D.replace 55.A.reporter B.specialist C.designer D.director 56.A.astronauts B.nurses C.teachers D.trainers 57.A.by B.of C.from D.through 58.A.take B.put C.live D.work 59.A.approval B.questions C.treatment D.license 60.A.answers B.services C.views D.insights 61.A.weaker B.stronger C.poorer D.better 62.A.send B.produce C.change D.create 63.A.measure B.size C.power D.pressure 64.A.relevant B.true C.helpful D.interesting 65.A.touching B.pressing C.holding D.placing >>>>>>>>2007年职称英语考试理工类A类真题参考答案<<<<<<<< 1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C 11.A 12.B13.D14.C15.A16.A17.C18.B19.B20.C 21.A 22.C23.D24.E25.A26.F27.C28.E29.A30.B 31.B32.D33.A34.D35.C36.C37.B38.D39.A40.A 41.C42.A43.D44.B45.A46.F47.E48.D49.C50.B 51.C 52.B53.A54.D55.B56.A57.C58.D59.A60.C 61.D 62.A63.B64.C65.D 2008年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～5题，每题l分，共15分） 第 60 页 共 156 页 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 With immense relief. I stopped running. A some B、enormous C little D extensive 2 The scientists began to accumulate data. A collect B handle C analyze D investigate 3 Jack eventually overtook the last truck. A hit. B passed C reached D led 4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance. A possible B profitable C easy D wise 5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle. A fact B mystery C statement D game 6 That guy is really witty. A smart B ugly C honorable D popular 7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat. A reasonable B dramatic C humiliating D horrifying 8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job. A prepared B trained C qualified D guided 9 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South. A praises B writes C imitates D describes 10 The meaning is still obscure. A vague B transparent C alien D significant 11 Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies. A destroy B decrease C delay D pollute 12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia. A assumes B expects C predicts D considers 13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules. A remember B follow C understand D learn 第 61 页 共 156 页 14 I hope that I didn't do anything absurd last night. A awkward B strange C stupid D awful 15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children. A forbid B advocate C inherit D withdraw 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22垒题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C. Green Roof Research The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent（流行）in Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research. The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as 'extensive' and 'intensive' systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of substrate（土层）that can be as shallow as l.5 inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs（灌木）and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people. There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic（美学的）benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the common economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy；air and water purification；recovering green spaces；and the mitigation（缓解）of the heat island effect in urban areas. The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation（繁殖）as well as establishment，nutrient（养料）and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold and heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival. A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which 第 62 页 共 156 页 are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms. Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked. 16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 0ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 0ne focus；n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its potential market is rather small. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题l分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 The Supercomputer Network 1 Recently. ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked。Their computers have been connected so they can \other. This may not seem Mery dramatic news，but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously： 2 The Internet is an interconnected（互联）system of networks that, connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the internet is by accessing this network. This 第 63 页 共 156 页 depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download（下载）files，how much data you can store，etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult. 3 The new development in information technology has been called \格技术），and it will be a network of computers that are linked together, The \will work in a different way from the Internet，enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations. 4 0ne advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The \network to do the lob you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska. 5 The \give your assistant a task and \preliminary research, collect the data. Compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the \that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait. 6 At present，possible applications of the \in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the \individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on \that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years. 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 25 Paragraph 4 26 Paragraph 5 A How does the \B Power shared C Just make a request D Limitations of present Internet use E Distance is not a problem F A new era for the Internet 27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access . 第 64 页 共 156 页 28 The \will enable you to get on your computer the power of in the world。 29 The \30 It is believed that the widespread use of the \will become possible in the next 。 A the bigger computer stations B the advantage C ten years D information E your personal assistant F fifteen years 第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Centers of the Great European Cities The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan atmosphere. Squares，plazas（广场）and arcades（拱廊）form the heart of Europe's cities. Venice in ltaly has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona，Spain，La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London's Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats（杂技演员）and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London，they serve as a beautiful backdrop（背景）to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames. These vibrant（有活力的）hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. \people think Venice is so great today is you don't see all the mistakes.\said Garreau. \have all been removed.\Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafés were near to people's homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans' life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts. driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists，provide the city centers with their reason for existence. 第 65 页 共 156 页 Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos（浓咖啡）and cigarettes. Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church On an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets. cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, ltaly is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community. 31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe A has many large squares. B has many very magnificent sky-scrapers. C draws tourists in large numbers every year. D has a center where tourists meet their spouses. 32 Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden? A It is crowded with people. B It is located in London. C It is filled with stalls. D It is surrounded by shops, Churches, restaurants and cafes. 33 Why do people think that Venice is so great? A Because it is a famous tourist attraction. B Because you can reach anywhere by boat. C Because it is well-known for its merchants。 D Because all the mistakes have been removed. 34 What are Parisians famous for? A Their pursuit of independence. B Their enthusiasm for conversation. C Their ability to keep the city flourishing. D Their devotion to developing a multiple culture. 35 The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that A there is a tight link between church and society. B all churches are magnificent. C old churches are very popular. D high-rise churches are impressive. 第二篇 第 66 页 共 156 页 Real-World Robots When you think of a robot，do you imagine a shiny. metallic device having the same general shape as a human being，performing humanlike functions，and responding to your questions in a monotone（单调的）voice accentuated（强调）by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless. Box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today's robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence。that is，a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence. Such as reasoning，drawing conclusions，and learning from past experience. A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two—legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does. however。move from place to place on wheels and axles（轮轴）that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that turn round and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings，a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot's base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline，a gyroscope（陀螺仪）inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object, the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions（障碍物）in its path. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer，which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot's actions. As science and technology advance，the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs. 36 The writer begins the passage by comparing A the shape of a human being with a box. B a real 1ife robot with a fictional robot. C an imaginary machine with a human. D a robot with a computer program. 37 The word \ A lacking human feelings. B lacking human characteristics. C lacking human intelligence. D having a human form and characteristics. 38 According to the first paragraph，artificial intelligence is A the unnatural way in which robots move. B a voiceless. box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks。 C a sensor that detects troubles in a robot. 第 67 页 共 156 页 D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes. 39 The last paragraph suggests that future robots will A be more humanlike in behavior and action. B surpass human beings in intelligence. C use a laser to transmit information. D will perform very complicated household jobs. 40 Another good title for this passage would be A Robots：Taking the Place of Humans. B Artificial Intelligence Programs. C Today's Robots and How They Function. D Modern-Day Sensors. 第三篇 Why Humans Walk on Two Legs A team of scientists that studied chimpanzees（黑猩猩）trained to use treadmills（跑步机）has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours。 Michael Sockol, researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to coax（劝诱）adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on all fours. The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out. the scientists collected data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion（移动）used less energy and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill. The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not all of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than on all fours. \two legs-but that finding wouldn't have been as interesting.\we found was much more telling. For three chimps，bipedalism was more expensive，but for the other two chimps, this wasn't the case, one spent about the same energy walking on two legs as On all fours. The other used less energy walking upright. These two chimps had different gaits（步法）and anatomy（解剖）than their quadrupedal peers. Taken together，the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical（解剖学的）differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors，and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection 第 68 页 共 156 页 could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advantage over quadrupeds。 Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era（中世纪）some 8 to 10 million year ago. when changes in climate may have increased the distance between food patches. That would have forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could. cover more ground using less energy. \isn't the complete answer.\Sockol said. \it's a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about：How and why did we become human? And why do we alone walk on two legs?\41 Michael Sockol and his team were interested in A where humans came from. B how chimpanzees could be trained to use treadmills. C why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs. D when our earliest ancestors began to live In forested areas. 42 The phrase \ A exercised. B calculated. C understood. D planned. 43 What did the researchers find in the experiment? A Human walking used more energy than bipedal walking in chimps. B One chimp used about the same energy in walking on two legs as on all fours. C Two chimps used more energy walking on two legs. D Three chimps used less energy walking on two legs. 44 The word \ A creatures with two feet. B creatures with four feet. C creatures with six feet. D creatures with eight feet. 45 What does fossil and molecular evidence tell US about our earliest ancestors? A They experienced more climate changes than we do today. B They were forced to travel between food patches. C They were much taller than modern man. D They could cover more ground with less energy. 第5部分：补全短文（第46 ～ 50题，每题2分，共10分） 第 69 页 共 156 页 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 What's Lacking in \ When it comes to economic decisions，there are always trade-offs（取舍）. Gain one thing and you lose something else. （46） The central argument of Michael Moore's movie \nation's health care problems is a single-payer system - is hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration，whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single, payer plans of other countries - Britain. France，Canada and Cuba - Mr. Moore left out the trade-Offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises. （47） Kurt Loder，the film critic who is best known as the anchor（主持人）of \News,\the film for MTV's website. \he said， \a real service\in portraying（描绘）victims of American insurance companies—like the people who died because their only treatment options were considered \ When \health care and an unlimited demand for it, they're inevitably forced to ration treatment,\Mr. Loder asserted. （49）Mr. Loder cited the short film \Meat.\which presents anecdotes（轶事）of failure in the Canadian single-payer system. In its one-sidedness, \“Sicko.” and left moviegoers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system. （50） This all makes an otherwise \intellectually satisfying one,\作者）. A Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries. 1ike France's high taxes and Britain's cash-short hospitals. B But the film as a whole，he concluded，is \是而非的）,\health care systems. C The problems have been noticed—and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore's detractors（诋毁者）. D He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr. Moore. 第 70 页 共 156 页 E Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness. F This is particularly true in health care，a market in which scarce（稀罕的）goods are ridiculously expensive，but needed by everybody. 第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题l分，共15分） 下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Debate over the Use of Renewable Energy Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York，US says the key renewable（可再生的）energy sources，including sun，wind and biofuels，would all require vast amounts of land if developed up to large scale production—unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better （51）alone，he says. Renewables look （52）when they are quite small. But if we start producing renewable energy on a large （53），the fallout（结果）is going to be horrible. Ausubel draws his conclusions by analyzing the amount of energy that renewables. natural gas and nuclei（原子核）can （54）in terms of power per square metre of land used. Moreover, he claims that （55）renewable energy use increases. This measure of efficiency will decrease as the best land for wind. Biofuels, and solar power gets used up. Solar power is much more （56）than biofuel in terms of the area of land used. but it would still （57）150 square kilometres of photovoltaic（光电的）cells to match the energy production of the l000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says （58）the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780，000 square kilometres. an area the （59）of Texas. However, several experts are highly critical of Ausubel's （60）. John Turner of the US government's National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that even if the US got all of its （61）from solar energy，it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over （62）highways. Further. it need not （63）up additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of existing buildings, he says. According to Turner, the same %use\also （64）to wind power。“The footprint for wind is only 5％ of the land that it （65）. Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on. \an oversimplification of the issue. 51 A owned B left C held D bought 52 A fresh B costly C dirty D attractive 53 A scale B number C part D extent 第 71 页 共 156 页 54 A reduce B increase C produce D consume 55 A as B since C because D until 56 A effective B important C efficient D special 57 A show B require C collect D discover 58 A making B keeping C creating D meeting 59 A size B form C region D scope 60 A decisions B conclusions C solutions D modifications 61 A force B volume C power D control 62 A to B in C on D for 63 A take B give C set D turn 64 A adapts B applies C relates D appeals 65 A touches B faces C holds D covers >>>>>>>>2008年职称英语考试理工类A类真题参考答案<<<<<<<< 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D l0. A 11. D l2. A l3. B 14. C l5. A 16. C l7. C l8. B l9. A 20. A 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. E 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. E 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. C 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. F 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. D 2009年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining? A long 第 72 页 共 156 页 B everlasting C temporary D boring 2 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. A damaged B shaken C fallen D jumped 3 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic. A faithful B royal C sincere D genuine 4 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. A simplicity B attraction C power D rigor 5 Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle. A mist B fog C secret D mystery 6 John was irritated by the necessity for polite conversation, A troubled B annoyed C threatened D aroused 7 Academic records cannot be duplicated. 第 73 页 共 156 页 A borrowed B purchased C copied D rewritten 8 The emphasis on the importance of education has spurred scientific research A encouraged B fastened C raised D initiated 9 We have ample money for the journey A some B little C enough D extra 10 The doctor's pills worked marvels for me. A miracles B patients C illness D recovery 11 Mary's perpetual moaning nearly drove me mad. A endless B monotonous C serious D bitter 12 It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment A old B unforgettable C unfair 第 74 页 共 156 页 D funny 13 You didn't adhere to these principles. A order B follow C prove D handle 14 The farmers also want to use the water to irrigate the barren land. A empty B hairless C smooth D bare 15 Anyone who wants to apply for a loan need read the following specifications. A expressions B warnings C advertisements D instructions 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Water-the Issue of This Century The world is running short of fresh water. Populations are growing bigger and Thirstier（渴的), with the result that freshwater is becoming increasingly scarce (缺乏). Half the world's wetlands have disappeared during the last century, while estimates suggest that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. The World Bank report estimates that as much as half of the world's population, concentrated in Africa, the Middle East and south Asia, will face 'severe water shortages' by 2025. Local water conflicts and the loss of freshwater ecosystems 第 75 页 共 156 页 appear large in some regions. A similar picture emerges from the globe's salt water regions. Three-quarters of the world's people may live within 100km of the sea in 2025, putting even more pressure on stretched coastal ecosystems. Two thirds of fisheries (渔业) are exploited at or beyond their sustainable limits, and half the world's coral reefs (珊瑚礁) may perish in 100 years. Almost 60% of coral reefs and 34% of fish species are at risk from human activities, the Bank says. The report concludes that there is ample evidence to justify immediate and coordinated action to safeguard supplies and use water more efficiently. Fresh water consumption is rising quickly, and the availability of water in some regions is likely to become one of the most pressing issues of the 21st century. A third of the world's population - around two billion people - live in countries that are experiencing moderate to high water shortages. That proportion could rise to half or more in the next 30 years unless institutions (制度) change to ensure better conservation and allocation of water. China is one country where the portents (征兆) are gloomy. The most water-stressed country in East Asia, China is exploiting 44% of its usable water, a figure projected to rise to 60% by 2020. Primary withdrawal of water of more than 60% is widely considered by water experts to exceed the environmental carrying capacity of a river basin system. Although China's total use appears still to be reasonable, it has several basins that are severely stressed environmentally. Withdrawals exceed environmental limits in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and will exceed them in India by 2020. In the Middle East and North Africa, only Morocco has unexploited water resources. The rest have exceeded environmental limits and many are mining aquifers (蓄水层) - bodies of water-bearing rock - the report says. 16 It is estimated that water use will rise by 50% in the next 30 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 Most developed countries will face water shortages in 20 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第 76 页 共 156 页 18 Most of the world's population may live within 100km of the sea in 2025. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Almost all coral reefs may disappear in 100 years. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Some species of fish in the Atlantic are at dangerously low levels. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The World Bank report implies that urgent action should be taken to protect water supplies. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 India exceeds environmental limits for water use. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Chimpanzees 1 Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) will soon be extinct (灭绝). If the present rate of hunting and habitat (栖息地) destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy (悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications (含意) for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings. 2 In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes (基因组) match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests, which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps 第 77 页 共 156 页 an urgent priority (优先). But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. 3 The chimpanzees' trump card (王牌) comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians (兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting. 4 For example, chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant. 5 By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing (找到) the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration (改变) of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach. 23 Paragraph 1 . 24 Paragraph 2 . 25 Paragraph 3 . 26 Paragraph 4 . A Genetic differences between chimps and\B Reasons for HIV resistance 第 78 页 共 156 页 C Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans D Effective AIDS treatment E Genetic similarities between chimps and humans F Chimps' resistance to HIV 27 Chimpanzee extinction may affect 28 There is a difference of less than 2% between the chimp and 29 Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting 30 The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to A healthier lifestyle B some human disease treatments C some diseases D human survival E human genomes F key areas 第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth. To coax (劝诱) young people from their homes, the Institute started a \Emancipation (解放)\rooms and jobs. Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious (不稳定的) labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. 第 79 页 共 156 页 Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists (社会学家). Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report \\around which their private life is organized,\ In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (外侄/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules. \put up a fight and call the father a fascist,\sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores (家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good. \mum does the wash and cooks for him: in the end. he lives well.\Masso said. 31 The \A live in an independent way. B fight for freedom. C fight against social injustice. D get rid of family responsibilities. 32 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in A Greece. B Finland. C Spain. D Italy. 第 80 页 共 156 页 33 Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT A parents' tolerance. B housing problems. C unwillingness to get married. D cultural traditions. 34 Which of the following statements is ,NOT true of Dionisio Masso? A She has a boyfriend. B She is 60 years old. C She has three children. D She lives in Madrid. 35 The phrase \A tired of. B afraid of. C worried about. D cautious about. 第二篇 Listening to Birdsong A male zebra finch (雀科鸣鸟) chirps (鸣) away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird nearby. He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference. Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female (and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used. For this study, .researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University 第 81 页 共 156 页 of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been well studied in the past. In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert. Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didn't. The females shifted around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if they'd never met the male. Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening to the concert version of their mates' songs, this suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize - and prefer - the songs of their mates. Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up (活跃起来) when the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them. This research deals with what's called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way morns speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter (喋喋不休), and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs. 36 Which of the following is true about birdsongs? A Female zebra finches are too shy to sing before males. B Male zebra finches sing louder than females. C Male zebra finches change their songs to attract females. D Female zebra finches like to listen to unknown males sing 第 82 页 共 156 页 37 What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches? A Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them. B Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates C Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers, D Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates. 38 What is meant by \A Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert. B Songs sung by female finches for male finches C Songs sung by male finches to other finches. D Songs sung by male finches for female finches 39 The expression \communication\in the last paragraph means communication in which A the communicator sends messages to himself. B the message sender has a specific audience. C two communicators send messages to each other. D mothers talk to their babies in their mother tongue. 40 Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage? A Chirping away. B Zebra finches and their life. C Frequencies of birdsongs. D Birdsongs as communication. 第三篇 The Robot Man According to Hans Moravec, universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in, leaving us with little to do. Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings. In new situations they'll be able to adapt, unlike today's mobile industrial robots. These robots will have the computing 第 83 页 共 156 页 power,to cope with simple speech and text recognition, and will be used for tasks such as domestic cleaning. The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn. Second generation robots are programd with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide \and \stimuli. For example, a collision provokes a negative response, a completed task would be positive. Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three. This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before= beginning a task, it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems. If it has a free moment, it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of doing things next time. It could even observe a person or-another robot performing a task and learn by imitation. For the first time, we have here a robot that can think. By the time we get to generation four in 2040, Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour; generalise abstract ideas from specific experience; and, conversely, compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as 'earn a living' or 'make more robots'. The Moravec manifesto (宣告) runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one, they'll begin to take on-many tasks in industry. Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force, the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become low-cost commodity items So much so that they'll move into the home, where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores. With increasing automation in generations two and three, the length of the average working day will plummet, eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry, but the service economy too. Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations. These future machines will be our \children\Like biological children of 第 84 页 共 156 页 previous generations, they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future. 41 What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots? A They will be able to learn by themselves. B They will be able to recognize speeches and texts. C They will be able to predict problems. D They will be able to match human reasoning and behavior. 42 Which of the following statements is true of the future robots? A They will take over the information industry. B They will relieve us of many chores. C They will never surpass us. D They will become high-cost commodity items. 43 The author's main purpose is to A support the view that robots will play a major role in our life. B describe the life of Hans Moravec. C make fun of the views of Hans Moravec. D get people prepared for the threat of future robots. 44 The word \A stretch. B decrease. C extend. D grow. 45 What does Moravec think of these future robots? A They will be humans' mind-children. B They will look like previous biological children C They will create a dangerous world. D They will rule the world. 第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分） 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 第 85 页 共 156 页 My Life at Renda I learned very quickly that being a teaching assistant (TA) at the University of Iowa would be different from being a teacher at Renmin University. (46) Eyes staring, mouths open, students examined my big nose, while I was writing my name on the blackboard. At Iowa, when my first classes began, half of my students still hadn't arrived. When everyone finally found a seat, ringing cellphones and loud yawns (哈欠) interrupted my opening remarks. It is not that American students were disrespectful. (47) They were, however, far more skeptical than the students I had at Renda. The truth is I couldn't fault them for their skepticism. Undergraduates at large US universities - especially freshmen and sophomores - often have several classes a semester handled by TAs. In some cases, the TA sets the course content. (48) Most have good intentions, but very few are as effective as professors. Every teacher has to confront obstacles to learning - no matter what the culture. Students who talk during lectures, students who cheat, students who question the grade they get for a paper or project - dealing with these is all part of the job. (49) The difference, I think, is that in the US I had to swallow more of my pride. (50) I had a responsibility to teach them, of course, but I had to do so indirectly -as a guide who himself had a few things to learn from the students. A Back at Renda, I had walked into my first classes feeling like a celebrity B In my students' minds, I had little to offer them, except perhaps some sample questions for the mid-term exam. C In others, the TA works as a grader and discussion leader D I encountered these in China, and I faced them in the US. E On the other hand, being taught by a graduate student is not necessarily bad F Most were polite, or at least, indifferent. 第6部分：完形填空（第51～55题，每题1分，共15分） 第 86 页 共 156 页 下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。 Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to (51) people frequently. Although these fish perform a valuable (52) for earth's waters and for human beings, business and sport fishing are threatening their (53) . As a result, some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth. Warm weather may influence both fish and shark (54) . Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their (55) waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, (56) people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person (57) a sea animal, such as a seal (海豹) or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up, because those are the times when sharks are looking for (58) . Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry (珠宝) may cause sharks to attack. A shark has an extremely 'good sense of (59) , with which it can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals (60) by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any (61) sharks, and plants that live in the ocean. Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark's body defense and immune (免疫的) (62) against disease. Researchers know that sharks (63) quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease. Sharks are important for the world's oceans, as they eat injured and diseased fish. Their (64) activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too (65) . This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans. 51 A meet B attack C recognize D visit 52 A research B experiment C analysis D service 第 87 页 共 156 页 53 A existence B power C mates D skills 54 A intelligence B shape C activity D size 55 A fresh B soft C deep D warm 56 A whose B which C where D that 57 A for B to C as D with 58 A help B food C friends D trainers 59 A humor B security C touch D smell 60 A produced B contained C used D added 61 A those B these C other D another 62 A processes B systems C ideas D theories 63 A escape B recover C return D cut 64 A hunting B mental C social D swimming 65 A weak B little C great D few >>>>>>>>2009年职称英语考试理工类A类真题参考答案<<<<<<<< 第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 1 eternal→everlasting (B ) 2 wrecked→damaged (A) 3 authentic→genuine (D) 4 lure→attraction (B) 5 puzzle→mystery (D) 6 irritated→annoyed (B) 7 duplicated→copied( C) 8 spurred→encouraged( A) 9 ample→enough( C) 10 marvels→miracles (A) 11 perpetual→endless( A) 12 shabby→unfair (C) 13 adhere to→follow (B) 14 barren→bare (D) 15 specifications→instructions (D) 第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分） 16 A Right 17 C Not mentioned 18 A Right 19 B Wrong 20 C Not mentioned 21 A Right 22 A Right 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分） 23 Paragraph 1 C Implications of chimpanzee extinction for humans 24 Paragraph 2 E Genetic similarities between chimps and humans 25 Paragraph 3 A Genetic differences between chimps and humans 26 Paragraph 4 F Chimps’ resistance to HIV 第 88 页 共 156 页 27 Chimpanzee extinction may affect D human survival 28 There is a difference of less than 2z between the chimp and E human genomes 29 Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting C some diseases 30 The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful to B some human disease treatments 第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分） 第一篇 31 A live in an independent way. 32 B Finland 33 C unwillingness to get married 34 A She has a boyfriend 35 D cautious about 第二篇 36 C Male zebra finches change their songs to attract females 37 A Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them 38 D Songs sung by male finches for female finches 39 B the message sender has a specific audience 40 D Birdsongs as communication 第三篇 41 A They will be able to learn by themselves 42 C They will never surpass us 43 A support the view that robots will play a major role in Our 44 B decrease 45 A They will be human's mind-children 第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分） 46 A Back at Renda, I had walked into my first classes feeling like a celebrity. 47 B In my students’ minds, I had little to offer them, except perhaps some sample questions for the mid-term exam 第 89 页 共 156 页 48 C In others the TA works as a grader and discussion leader 49 D I encountered these in China and I faced them in the US 50 E On the other hand, being taught by a graduate student is not necessarily bad 第6部分：完形填空（第51～55题，每题1分，共15分） 51 B attack 52 D service 53 A existence 54 C activity 55 D warm 56 C where 57 A for 58 B food 59 D smell 60 A produced 61 C other 62 B systems 63 B recover 64 A hunting 65 C great 2010年职称英语考试理工类A类真题及答案解析 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1．I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad． A．tolerate B．generate C．Reduce D．mensure 2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone． 第 90 页 共 156 页 A．equal B．immediate C．moderate D．great 3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school． A．Bright B．Unclear C．general D．bad 4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education． A．special B．private C．general D．good 5．Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people． A．picture B．danger C．evidence D．case 6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil． A．doubt B．relief C．failure D．confusion 7．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment． A．love B．surprise C．anger D．doubt 8．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day． A．energetic B．free C．physical D．regular 9．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues． A．boring B．original C．humorous D．long 10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth． A．attract B．spend C．encourage D．require 11．He demolished my argument in minutes． A．supported B．Disproved C．disputed D．accepted 12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year． A．close B．sell C．break D．combine 13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners． A．polite B．usual C．bad D．similar 第 91 页 共 156 页 14．The project required ten years of diligent research． A．hardworking B．social C．basic D．scientific 15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison． A．necessary B．terrible C．critical D．normal 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016．But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely． A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth． The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(与地球同步的)orbit．Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun． Light during daytime and when skies are clear． But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana， \，it's a tough go．\ Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down．\，revolu-tionary design，\．A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy． But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz．\散发)because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，\．According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool． 第 92 页 共 156 页 Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy．Laws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out．\，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，\． 16．Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 17．Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 18．Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 19．One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 20．Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 21．Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 22．Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon． A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务： (1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题； (2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Natural Gas 1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel 第 93 页 共 156 页 (矿物质燃料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of yearsago．The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷)． 2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas serviceis available in all 50 states in the U．S．，and is the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries。More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity．In addi-tion to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manu-facture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for heahhcare，con-puting and furnishings．Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants． 3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available．It emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sources．When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhale．Compared with some other fos-sil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃烧)， making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a11． 4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world'S natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy'S Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025． 5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades． Today，the leading importes of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain． 23．Paragraph 2_________． 24．Paragraph 3________． 25．Paragraph 4_________. 26．Paragraph 5________． A．Popularity and use of natural gas B．Natural gas reserves and supply C．Natural gas prices D．Clean fuel of choice E．Disadvantages of natural gas F．Natural gas consumption 27．Natural gas is stored deep________． 第 94 页 共 156 页 28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_________． 29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas____________． 30．It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_________． A．over the past 50 years B．beneath the earth surface C．by more than 50 percent D．for more than four decades E．as a raw material F．for home energy needs 第4部分：阅读理解(第3l～45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence，researchers say． The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler．Dr．Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U．S．incorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the \，\eventually shine its light into this darkness． The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe，and the researchers'computer simulation，which has been called a \．\．The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being． According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases，and the mysterious\of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun．The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar． Dr．Yoshida's simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang． 第 95 页 共 156 页 \，and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe，will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets，\，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report．\stars haveaccumulated，\，\these ele． ments further across the universe．So when you think about it．a11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars，long ago．\ Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of the universe．More powerful computers，more physical data，andan even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations，but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction in．itiation-when a stellar ob． ject becomes a true star． \．Yoshida has taken the study of primordial star formation to a new level with this simulation，but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal．It is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper，\，Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tex． as，Austin and the author of a companion article．\studies in this area to un-derstand how the initially tiny protostar grows，layer by layer，to eventually form a massive star．But here，the physics become much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed．\ 31．According to the first two paragraphs，the early universe_______． A．was governed by simpler physics B．got fewer stars shinning in it C．started over 13 billion years ago D．was composed in a way similar to that of today 32．What can the state-of-the．art computer simulation tell us about? A．How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago． B．How\ages\． C．How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang． D．How the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang． 33．What does the\ A．cosmic dark ages． B．dust grains and gases． C．a protostar．D．the early universe． 34．According to paragraph 4，what is NOT true about a protostar? A．It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang． B．It evolved from pre-stellar gases． 第 96 页 共 156 页 C．It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star． D．It had a mass of one percent of the sun． 35．According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT A．to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe B．to simulate the process of how the early universe began C．to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation D．to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar 第二篇 The Iceman On a September,day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austra and Ita． 1y．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice．At that height (10，499 feet，or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than iust usual and so the body had come to the surface．It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition except a wound on the head．remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (树皮)and a holder for arrows． Who was the man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in this area．A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old． With modem dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains．More recent evidence，however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound oil the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part oi a large war，or he may have beenfightiing bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself． 第 97 页 共 156 页 By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given usimportant clues to the history of those distant times． 36．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_________． A．he was lying on the ice B．two Germans were climbing mountains C．the melted ice made him visible D．he was just on a mountain pass 37．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．The iceman was killed while working． B．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head． C．The iceman lived a poor life． D．The iceman was struck dead from behind． 38．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT_____________． A．he was a soldier in World War I B．he came from Italy C．he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father D．He was born about a thousand years ago 39．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________． A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead B．was probably in some kind of a battle C．had got a wound on the back of his head D．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death． 40．The word\． A．robbers B．soldiers C hunters D．shooters 第三篇 Scientists Make Sweet Discovering Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you， according to American researchers at the University of California．Chocolate contains substancescalled flavonoids that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation．The researchers havediscovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy. 第 98 页 共 156 页 The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans，in about1500 BC，and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened coca hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe． In 1544，a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift．Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal．The Spanish were the first to add sugarto their cocoa drink． By the middle of the century，solid chocolate was becoming familiar．In 1765，James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States，introducing chocolate to the average citizen．In 1896，in Switzerland，Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate-making process and produced the first milk chocolate． Since then，chocolate has grown enormously in popularity．One of the biggest chocolate-eatingnations is Britain where the average man，women，and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a year．Infact，chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more chocoholics in Britain than any where else in the world．Researchers warn that although chocolate is good for you，it should be eatenin small quantities and with no added milk． 41．Why is chocolate good for heaa and circulation? A．It reduces pain and stress． B．It containS substances called flavonoids． C．It releases endorphins in human body． D．It acts like aspirin to protect heart． 42．When cocoa was first introduced to Europe_________，it soon became fashionable． A．as a drink B．as a gift C．as food D．as a medicine 43．What does James Bakers and John Hanan do about chocolate? A．They produce the first mild chocolate． B．They introduce chocolate to Europe． C．They add sugar to make chocolate bars． D.They make chocolate accessible to average man． 44．Which is the following statement is not true according to the passage? A．Chocolate contains substances that make people feel happy． B．Chocolate is good for health if it is eaten with added milk． C．Eating chocolate occasionally contributes to a healthy diet． D．Chocolate is loved by millions of people worldwide． 45．What iS the author's tone about eating chocolates? 第 99 页 共 156 页 A．Ambiguous B．negative C．Positive D．humorous 第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。 I Just Know How You Feel Do you feel sad?Happy?Frustrated?Insouciant?Exonerated?Infuriated?Do you think that the way you display these emotions is unique?Well，think again．Even the expression of the most personal feelings CaB be divided into groups，classified，and perhaps，taught．This week sees the publication of Mind Reading，an interactive DVD-rom displaying every possible human emotion．It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel：the first visual dictionary of the human heart． The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin．His The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals，published in 1872，divided the emotions into six types-anger，fear，sadness， disgust，surprise and enjoyment．________(46)． Every other feeling，of which there may be thousands，was thought to derive from this six-strong group．More complex expressions of emotion were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture．An incredulous or indignant Pacific islander might not be able to show an Essex girl exactly how she felt． But now it is believed that，whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well，many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared worldwide．___________(47)．The Mind Reading is a systematic record of each of these expressions being acted out． The project was conceived by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen of the autism research centre in Cambridge as an aid for people with autism，who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotion．But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses．Novelists，actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expression，and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development． Baron-Cohen's team first had to decide what counted as an emotion．________(48)．Using thisdefinition，1，512 emotion terms were identified and put to a panel who had to decide if each repre． sented a separate emotion，or if they were synonyms．That list was whittled down to 412，arranged in24 groups．from\． Once the emotions were classified．a DVD seemed the most efficient way to display them．In Mind Reading，each expressions is acted out-six times，by six different actors-in three seconds． 第 100 页 共 156 页
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