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新概念英语第一册语法综述 25-30

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新概念英语第一册语法综述

(LESSON25-LESSON30)

Part 1

1、There be 句型:There be + sb/sth + somewhere 或 There be + doing + sth.。是表示某处有某物的句子。

There is a book on the desk.

There are some books on the desk There aren’t any books on the desk. Are there any books on the desk? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t? Where are the books?

What things are on the desk?

这其中somewhere作表语,比如例句中的on the desk.

There be句型是一种倒装句,因此翻译起来要从on the desk开始翻译:“在桌子上有一些书。”其中,some book 做there be句型的主语,be动词要因此而变化。 There be句型有就近原则:

There is a picture and a penmanship on the wall. 2、冠词:

不定冠词a/am泛指某一个人或某物。相当于any。如:

1)泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物,这是不定冠词的基本用法。 There is a teacher is teaching student.

2)表示数量one,但没有one那么强烈。

Give me an ice cream, please. 给我一支冰激凌。 定冠词的用法:

1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。 The books are mine.

2)指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。 Open the window, please.请打开窗户。 3)指上文已经提到的人或事物。

I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。 4)指世界上独一无二的事物。

Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?哪一个大,太阳还是地球? 5)用在方位词前。

on the left在左边,in the middle of在中间 不用冠词的情况:

1)专有名词和不可数名词前。 Class Two二班 water水

(特例:如果不可数名词是特指的话,仍然要加上The,但不可数名词前不加a/an。) 2)可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any)及所有格限制时。 This is my book.

3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时。但特指某些东西的话也要定冠词:

They are teachers.他们是老师。

4)在星期,月份,季节,节日前。 on Sunday在周日, in March在三月 in spring在春天,

on Women’s Day在妇女节

(特例:如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词: He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。) 5)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如:Tom汤姆,Mum妈妈。 6)在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。 I have lunch at school every day.

7)在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。 No.25 Middle School 3、介词in of near: in 方位副词,在…里

There is some clothes in the wardrobe.

of 用于没有生命的名词所有格,注意他的格式: gate of school 学校的大门 near 方位副词,在…旁边

4、some 和 any:两个词都有一些的意思。只不过some用于肯定句之中;而any用于否定句和疑问句之中。

There are some bottles in the refrigerator. Are there any bottles in the refrigerator? There aren’t any bottles in the refrigerator.

some./any可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词,但要注意的是some+不可数名词被视为一个单数形式。

There is some meat in the refrigerator. 5、与room有关的词:

living room 客厅/bedroom卧室/ bathroom浴室/ classroom教室/ restroom(公共)厕所/ washroom厕所/ cloakroom衣帽存放处 6、情态动词must 1)情态动词的特点

它是一个具有实际意义的助动词; 它的后面只能加动词原形; 它没有人称和数格的变化;

在含有它的句子中,否定和疑问均发生在它自己身上。 2)must表示“必须”或“应当”

例如:I must go now.我现在必须走了。must的否定形式mustn`t表示禁止,译为“不许”,“不能”。例如:You mustn`t talk like that.你可不能这样说话。must还可表示猜测,译为“一定是”。例如:He must be seventy now.他一定有70岁了。 注意:must的一般疑问句(must提到句首)的回答: 肯定回答:Yes,主语代词+must.

否定回答:No,主语代词+needn’t或don`t have to. 不能说No,主语代词+mustn’t.

Part 2

一、单词辨音:选出划线部分读音与其他三个不同的单词

( )1. A room B book C good D goodbye ( )2.A right B white C kitchen D nice ( )3.A of B on C bottle D box ( )4.A kitchen B left C electric D heavy ( )5.A clean B heavy C meet D he ( )6. A cup B electric C cooker D sale ( )7.A small B dress C boxes D newspaper ( )8.A blue B room C cook D spoon ( )9.A kitchen B teacher C which D sharp ( )10.A middle B kitchen C in D ice ( )11. A door B good C book D look ( )12.A living B window C kitchen D magazine ( )13.A near B there C where D hair ( )14.A armchair B pardon C are D at ( )15.A wall B door C tall D word ( )16. A trousers B house C how D operator ( )17.A please B heavy C shelf D desk ( )18.A keyboard B newspaper C you D news ( )19.A chair B chick C teacher D shoe ( )20.A wall B all C tall D walk ( )21. A put B must C shut D dust ( )22.A sweep B meet C see D heard ( )23.A clothes B open C window D on ( )24.A clothes B thirsty C thank D third ( )25.A air B near C hair D there ( )26. A read B red C empty D heavy ( )27.A turn B nurse C cut D word ( )28.A must B dust C sweep D clothes ( )29.A open B empty C red D bed ( )30.A television B desk C newspaper D stereo 二、根据中文提示默写单词

1.左边__________ 2.中间__________ 3.炉子__________ 4.带电的__________

5.哪里__________ 6.厨房__________ 7.右边__________ 8.靠近__________ 9.墙__________ 10.图__________ 11.窗户__________ 12.活着的__________ 13.扶手椅__________ 14.长裤__________ 15.一些__________ 16.卧室__________ 17.衣服__________

18.大衣柜__________ 19.扫去灰尘__________ 20.必须 21.扫__________ 22.关__________ 三、语法和词汇:从A、B、C、D中选出正确答案 ( )1. _________ is a refrigerator in the kitchen. A That B This C It D There ( )2.It is_________the left.

A in B on C / D of ( )3.“_________is it?”“In the room.”

A What B Who C Which D Where ( )4.“Give me the book.”“Is_________book red? ” A a B an C the D / ( )5._________pictures are on the wall. A A B An C I D The ( )6._________room is large.

A Mr Smith B Mr Smith`s C Mr Smiths` D Mr Smiths ( )7.“_________ are they?”“They are on the table.” A What B Who C Which D Where ( )8.There is_________ice in the room. A a B an C some D / ( )9._________ there any books on the shelf? A Am B Are C Is D / ( )10.There aren`t _________dresses in the room. A some B a C an D any ( )11.There are some tickets_________the handbag. A in B on C near D at

( )12.“_________,Mrs Jones?”“Open the window and clean the room.” A What must you do B What do I do C What must I do D What is I do ( )13.Please_________the bed.I want to sleep.

A dust B clean C make D wash ( )14._________off the television.

A Put B Open C Turn D Shut ( )15.Put_________your coat.

A on B in C at D of ( )16.Take _________your trousers.

A on B off C in D on ( )17.The bedroom`s_________.What must I do? A clean B nice C tidy D untidy ( )18.Tom is too young_________to school.

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