高考英语一轮复习名词性从句语法回顾与训练

高考英语一轮复习名词性从句语法回顾与训练

在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词来充当的主语、表语、宾语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，这个句子就叫名词性从句。 名词性从句分为四类：

1. 主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的句子就叫主语从句。注意：在含有主语从句的复合句里，主句谓语使用单三形式。 When she will be back depends on the weather.

It’s a pity that he made such a stupid mistake. （句首it为形式主语） 2. 表语从句：位于系动词之后充当表语的句子叫做表语从句。 What he wants to know is whether he should start now.

3. 宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。注意：宾语从句一般跟在及物动词或介词后。

Mary wrote an article on why the team had failed to win the game.

Can you tell me when he will come back? （常考点：tell后接双宾语。此句中me为间接宾语，宾语从句为直接宾语。）

The report didn’t make it clear how the conclusion was arrived at. （句中it为形式宾语）

4. 同位语从句：对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明其内容的句子叫做同位语从句。同位语从句常用于某些抽象名词（idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought,

message, truth, information等）后面。 The news that our team has won the match is true.

注意：that可以引导上述四种名词性从句。共同特点是不能省略that，但一种情况例外：当及物动词后只接一个宾语从句时可省略that或接多个宾语从句时第一个从句前that可省略。

I wrote a letter telling her (that) the students appreciated what she did and that（that不能省略）her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives. 考点归纳

一、名词性从句的引导词

1. that只起引导作用，本身无意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分。 I know you aren’t a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor.

2. what, who, which和when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever, wherever等，在从句中充当成分，且有意义。

Who will come to help with my English hasn’t been settled.

Whoever wants to join in the activity should apply on our website in advance. 3. if和whether引导名词性从句都表“是否”。whether可引导所有名词性从句，而if只能引导及物动词后的宾语从句。

Up to now, whether we will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided. 二、名词性从句的语序

1. 名词性从句中，一律要用陈述句语序。

2. 当how表“多么…，多少（钱等）”引导名词性从句时，其后要先跟其所修饰的形容词，即把how + adj.视作一个整体，充当连接词，故两者不能分开，再加上主语和谓语。

He didn’t know how much time he should spend on it. The photos will show you what our village looks like.

You can hardly imagine how excited he was when he heard the news that he was admitted to Wu Han University. 三、引导词that 与 what 的用法

名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：

1、分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少某成分。如果不缺成分，就用that；如果缺少某成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，所缺部分可理解为“所……的东西/事情/地方等”就用what。

2. 观察从句语意是否完整。如果语意完整，就用that；若语意不完整，就用what。 What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. After five hours’ drive, they reached what they’d been dreaming of. That the earth is round is known to us all.

Father made a promise that if I passed the examination he would buy an i-phone 7 for me.

The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what was a dangerous speed.

It has been thirty years since we last met, but I still remembered the story, believe it or not, that we went lost on a rainy day.

四、引导词if和whether引导宾语从句的用法

1. whether和if跟在谓语动词后引导宾语从句时可互换。 I want to know whether/ if he passed the exam.

2. 以下几种情况只能用whether引导宾语从句，请牢记： （1）介词后只能用whether引导宾语从句。

（2）与or not连用时，只能用whether引导宾语从句，即：whether…or not。 （3）whether + to do。

He has to decide whether to look for a job immediately he graduates. It’s easy to check online whether the products are available or not. 五、同位语从句和定语从句的区别 1. 同位语从句：

（1）同位语从句多用that 引导。

（2）在have no idea (of )之后常用wh- 引导同位语从句。 I have no idea (of) what he is doing now.