3. Indirect Questions
The same rules apply to indirect questions as to indirect statements. The difference is that a wh-clause is used instead of a that clause.
Direct question:“Did Dick’s horse win a prize? ” Owen asked.
Indirect questions:Owen asked whether/if Dick’s horse had won a prize. Direct question:“Why won’t you marry me? ” asked Donald. Indirect question:Donald asked her why she wouldn’t marry him.
﹡In telling a story or recounting events, a speaker using direct speech has all the resources of intonation to produce a lively account. Because indirect speech is always reported by someone else, the account is more reserved and restrained.
“What shall we do? ” asked Mary.
“Don’t worry, Mary, ” said Dick, “I’ve got a plan. ”
Mary asked Dick what they should do. He told her not to worry and that he had got a plan.
﹡The ability to change direct speech into indirect speech is a useful skill for those engaged in taking the minutes of a meeting or reporting on events.
Direct speech:“First of all, I would like to thank everybody who helped with the fair. The results were very good, and we will now be able to buy two more computers. ”
Indirect speech:The principal said that he would like to thank everybody who had helped with the fair. He announced that the results were very good and that the school would now be able to buy two more computers.
→Step 4 Practice (Discovering useful structures)
Get the students to turn to Page 5. Please change the following direct speech into indirect speech and indirect into direct.
1. “I’m going to hide from the Germans, ” Anne said. 2. “I don’t know the address of my new home, ” said Anne.
3. “I cannot ask my father because it is not safe to know, ” she said. 4. “I had to pack up my things very quickly, ” the girl said.
5. “Why did you choose your diary and old letters? ” Dad asked her. 6. Mum asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 7. Margot asked her what else she had got.
8. Anne asked her father when they would go back home. 9. Anne asked her sister how she could see her friends.
10. Mother asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before. →Step 5 Correcting mistakes
Analyze the common mistakes students have made during the practice. Let the students look at the screen and pay attention to these sentences. Then choose the right sentence and make it clear why the other one is wrong.
→Step 6 A game Play a guessing game “who is my secret friend? ” One student comes to the front with his partner. The rest students ask him questions while his partner changes them into indirect speech. In the end, the person who has guessed the right answer can come to the front to take the place of the first student. So the game goes on.
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Suggested sentences: Can your friend speak?
What does he/she wear today? Is he/she tall or short?
What do you and your friend do in your free time? Do you quarrel with each other? . . .
→Step 7 Workbook
Do Exercise 1 in Using Structures on Page 42. Here is another page of Anne’s diary. Read it through and then use indirect speech to retell the story.
If time doesn’t permit, declare it as homework. Suggested answers:
Anne said that they went quickly upstairs and into the hiding place when they arrived at Prinsengracht. She said that they closed the door behind them and they were alone. She said (that)Margot had come faster on her bicycle and was already waiting for them. She said (that)all the rooms were full of boxes and they lay on the floor and the beds. She said (that)the little room was filled with bedclothes and they had to start clearing up at once, if they wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Anne said (that)her mother and Margot were not able to help. She said (that)they were tired and lay down on their beds, but her daddy and she, the two “Helpers” of the family, started at once.
Anne said (that)they unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied the whole day, until they were extremely tired. She said they did sleep in clean beds that night. She said they hadn’t had any warm food to eat all day, but they didn’t care. Anne said (that)her mother and Margot were too tired and worried to eat, and her daddy and she were too busy.
→Step 8 Homework
1. Finish off the related Workbook exercises.
2. Review and grasp the rules of Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.
板书设计
Unit 1 Friendship
Grammar
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
Direct Speech
1. Mary said, “I am very happy to help you. ” 2. He asked me, “Do you like playing basketball? ”
3. My sister asked me, “What do you think of the film? ”
4. The teacher told his students, “The earth goes round the sun. ”
Indirect Speech
Mary said that she was very happy to help you. He asked me if/whether I liked playing basketball.
My sister asked me what I thought of the film. The teacher told his students that the earth goes round the sun.
活动与探究
Get the students to work in groups of four out of class and design a questionnaire to find out what kind of friends your classmates are. The purpose of this activity
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is to encourage students to think independently and act in matters of immediate concern and interest. It also can develop students’ design ability and spirit of cooperation.
Sample questionnaire Directions:
This questionnaire has four questions. Each question is followed by three possible answers. Please read the questions, and then consider which response fits you best.
Questions:
1. Why am I close friends with this person now?
A. Because he/she is someone I really enjoy sharing emotions and special events with.
B. Because my friend would be upset if I ended the relationship. C. Because being friends with him/her helps me feel important. 2. Why do I spend time with my friend?
A. Because my friend would get mad at me if I didn’t. B. Because it is fun spending time with him/her.
C. Because I think it is what friends are supposed to do.
3. Why do I listen to my friend’s problems, or to what my friend has to say? A. Because my friend praises me and makes me feel good when I do.
B. Because it’s interesting and satisfying to be able to share like that. C. Because I really value getting to know my friend better. 4. Why do I keep promises to my friend? A. Because I believe it is an important personal quality to live up to my promises to a friend.
B. Because it would threaten our friendship if I were not trustworthy. C. Because I would feel bad about myself if I didn’t. Scoring Sheet: 1. A 3 B 2 C 1 2. A 1 B 2 C 3 3. A 1 B 2 C 3 4. A 3 B 2 C 1 Explanations:
4~6 points:You are not a good friend. You either neglect your friend’s needs or just do what he/she wants you to do. You should think more about what a good friend needs to do.
7~9 points:You are a good friend but you sometimes let your friendship become too important, or you fail to show enough concern for your friend’s needs and feelings. Try to strike a balance between your friend’s needs and your own responsibilities.
10+ points:You are an excellent friend who recognizes that to be a good friend you need to balance your needs and your friend’s. Well done.
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