定语从句
题型 语法填空 高考真题 1. (2019全国三卷64) They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. 2. (2019全国二卷62) Now Irene Astbury 1. 考查关系代词的基本用法； 命题解读 works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet 2. 考查关系副词的基本shop in Macclesfiled, which she opened with her late husband Les. 3. (2018全国一卷66)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 4. (2017全国一卷70) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, which is not good for the health. 短文改错 1. (2019全国三卷) Customers will enjoy themselves in the historical 用法； 3. 考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。 environment what→ which/that is 1. 关系代词和关系副词created for them. 的错用； 2. (2017全国二卷) In their spare time, 2. that和which的错they are interested in planting 用； vegetables in their garden, that→ 3. 关系代词和关系副词which is on the rooftop of their house. 3. (2017全国三卷) Around me in the picture are the things they→ that/which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
的缺失 定语从句与语法填空 1. 解答定语从句类考题，关键是分析句子结构，找准先行词，确定从句所缺的成分。如果从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，引导词需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，引导词则用关系副词。确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词等，从而确定最后的答案。 2. 若先行词指人，“介词十关系代词”引导定语从句与短文改错 1. 根据先行词的性质，判断关系词的使用是否正确； 2. 根据引导词在定语从句中所作的成分来判断引导词的使用是否正确。作主语、宾语或表语用关系代词 which/that/who/whom/as；作定语用关系代词 whose；作状语用关系副词when/ where/why；作介词宾语用关系代词 which/whom。 的定语从句中关系代词用whom，若指3. 判断定语从句是非限制性定语从句还是物，则用 which。 3. 牢记that与 which的区别。
限制性定语从句，从而判断句中引导词的使用是否正确。 必备知识梳理
考点一关系代词引导的定语从句：
一． who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1. who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom在从句
中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，
who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。
I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.
2. whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于
of which，指人时相当于 of whom。
(2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students.
二． that、which引导的定语从句
1. which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物
均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.
(2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible.
2. 限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用 which的情况：
(1).先行词为不定代词 anything、 nothing、 something、 everything、 all、 some、none、little few、the one等时；
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.
(2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被 the only、 the very、 the last、any、every、each、 few、little、no、some、all等修饰时。
The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. (4).先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。
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