I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)
（4） 同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。
He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）
I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句） 五、宾语从句(object clauses)
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。 1、作动词宾语 （1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。
I think (that) he'll be right in a few days. 我认为他几天后就会好的。
（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．计算机只能按人的指令去做。
Do you know whom they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？ （3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。
关系副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。 Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。 I don't know where we are going to have the meeting. 我不知道我们将在哪里开会。
（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在乡下女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。
I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意帮我。 否定转移。
（1）如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。
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I don’t think he can do it better than me.我想他不会比我干得好。
I don’t believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。
（2）think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此类动词后，在简略答语中，用 so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句；若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用 not 或 not…so 替代前文整个从句。 -I believe we've met somewhere before． -No，I don't think so．
“我认为我们从前在哪见过。” “没有，我认为我们以前没见过。” -Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend？ -I believe not．
“你认为这周末会下雨吗？”“我认为不会。”
注意：hope 只能说 I hope not 一种形式，因为 hope 不能否定转移。
③如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副词或表示强调的do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。
I really expect she didn’t say that to him.我确实希望她不和他说那件事。
I think and hope that he won’t be deceived by the man.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。
7、时态的呼应与语序。
在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：
（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放到什么地方了吗？
They have no idea at all where he has gone．他们一点也不知道他去了哪。
Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？你知道他昨晚和谁一起说话吗？
（2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。如： He said he would come to see us the next day. 他说他明天将来看我们。
I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing. 我想知道他是否去过北京。 （3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
Dick asked Lucy how old she is．迪克问露斯她多大了。
The teacher said the sun rises in the east．老师说太阳从东方升起。
句型练习——名词性从句
一、 主语从句
1、 他是否来还是个问题。
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2、 曾经一片废墟的地方今天变成了一所美丽的学校且充满了生机，这的确令人
惊异。
3、 我们必须尽可能多地掌握英语单词，这是很重要的。
4、 事实上，一直困扰你的问题也正是中国大多数家长的困扰所在。 5、 他所说的话令我很感兴趣。 二、 表语从句
1、 问题是他能否单独做这件事。 2、 我所知道的是他不能做这件事。 3、 这就是我想要知道的。
4、 那就是为什么他昨天感冒的原因。 5、 看起来要下雨。 三、 宾语从句
1、 他们告诉我他们想知道图书馆怎么走。 2、 老师说这本书很有趣，值得一读。 3、 老师建议我们取消这项计划。 4、 我认为他不会成功。
5、 我们能学到我们不知道的东西。
6、 成功与否取决于我们是否做了足够多的努力。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·高考北京卷变式)I truly believe ____________ beauty comes from within. 2．(2019·高考安徽卷变式)A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not ____________ ships are built for.
3．(2019·高考浙江卷变式)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ____________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.
4．(2019·高考福建卷变式)—I wonder ____________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
5．(2019·高考湖南卷变式)You have to know ____________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
6．(2019·高考重庆卷变式)We must find out ____________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
7．(2019·高考陕西卷变式)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for
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____________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
8．(2019·高考湖北卷变式)As John Lennon once said，life is ____________happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
9．(2019·高考江苏卷变式)—What a mess！You are always so lazy! —I'm not to blame，mum. I am ____________ you have made me.
10．They make suggestions ____________ laws should be passed and hikers should be trained before they attended the activities. Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2019·高考四川卷变式)The exhibition tells us what we should do something to stop air pollution.
_______________________________________________ 2．The question is if they can cooperate with us. _______________________________________________ 3．What we can’t get seems better than that we have. _______________________________________________ 4．It was a matter of whoever would take the position. _______________________________________________
5．Mary wrote an article on how the team had failed to win the game. _______________________________________________
6．Please remind me where he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. _______________________________________________
7．He has an idea which he can make the scientific instrument in a better way. _______________________________________________ 8．She never doubted for a moment whether she was right. _______________________________________________
9．From space，the earth looks blue. This is why about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
_______________________________________________
Ⅲ.短文填空——在下面短文中的空白处填上适当的单词，使短文意思通顺
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