第二讲 正确使用并列句与复合句
增分句型(一) 独立又相依的并列句
并列句是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，这种简单句常被叫做分句。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立，互不依从，但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系，通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。它的基本模式是：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
(一)常见并列句的类型及并列连词
类型 并列关系(递进关系) 转折关系 选择关系 因果关系 对比关系 连词 and, when, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ..., neither ...nor ... but, yet, whereas, however or, otherwise, or else, either ...or ..., not ...but ... because, as, for, so, therefore, thus, due to while ①Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars.
一半的女孩选择电影和电视明星作为她们的偶像，而48%的男孩更喜欢体育明星。 ②(2018·北京高考书面表达)You may have trouble in adjusting yourself to the life in Beijing, so I suggest that you make full preparations in advance.你可能在适应北京生活方面有困难，因此我建议你提前做好充分准备。
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will be held as well.
那天不仅会有这一领域的著名艺术家所创作的各种剪纸作品展出，而且还会举办许多有用且有趣的活动。
④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)If you're interested in it, either you may send an email to 12345@sina.com or you can sign up in person.如果你感兴趣，您可以发送电子邮件至12345@sina.com或亲自报名。
⑤(2017·北京高考书面表达)Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.
一些妥协是不可避免的，但视频结果是完美的。
⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection.
我知道你拍照好，并且你总是想着为环境保护做些事情。
(二)使用并列句的注意事项
1．not only ...but also ...在连接两个并列分句时，如果not only置于句首，not only所在的分句需用部分倒装语序。
①(2018·浙江高考写作)Firstly, not only can I speak fluent English, but also I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.首先，我不仅能说一口流利的英语，而且和外国人交流也毫无困难。
②Not only do they offer us joy and excitement, but they also encourage us to think critically.他们不仅提供给了我们喜悦和兴奋，还鼓励我们批判性思考。
2．表示“虽然……但是……”这一转折关系时，连接词but不能与though/although连用。
虽然我当时很累，但是我感到非常幸福。
①Although I was very tired then but I felt very happy.(×) ②Although I was very tired then, I felt very happy.(√) ③I was very tired then but I felt very happy.(√)
3．表示因果关系的连词so不与because, as等表示原因的连词连用。 因为他生病，所以他那天没去上学。
①Because/As he was ill so he didn't go to school that day.(×) ②Because/As he was ill, he didn't go to school that day.(√) ③He was ill so he didn't go to school that day.(√) [应用体验] 用适当的并列连词填空
①(2018·北京高考书面表达)First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
②(2018·天津高考书面表达)I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it. ③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I'm sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiastic about ping-pong.Therefore,_I'd like to invite you to join the team.
④(2015·陕西高考书面表达)First, my English is very good and I'm open-minded and warm-hearted, so I'm getting along well with everyone.
⑤Give me a chance and I will give you a wonderful surprise.
⑥The young man wanted to help the dog, but as he approached, the dog started to bark. ⑦Would you like to leave or would you like to stay? ⑧I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me. ⑨Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them. ⑩It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
[专题过关训练]
补全句子
1．(2018·北京高考书面表达)虽然外国学生在我们学校学习了很长时间，但他们不知道如何沏茶。
Though/Although_the_foreign_students_have_studied_in_our_school for a long time, they don't know how to make tea.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这次展览不仅可以帮助你更好地了解中国民间艺术作品，而且也可以帮助你获得一些剪纸技巧。
The exhibition can_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_of Chinese folk art works, but_can_also_help_you_acquire some paper-cutting skills.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)别犹豫，如果你有什么问题就问我。 Don't_hesitate_and_ask_me if you have any questions. 4．(2017·江苏高考书面表达)票价正在上涨。因此，电影业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。
The ticket price is on the increase. Therefore,_the_film_industry_should_make_greater efforts_to_attract more viewers. 5．虽然她是一位普通妇女但是确实值得尊敬。
She is an ordinary woman but_she_is_really_worth_respecting. 6．因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的父母进行推心置腹的谈话。
So, from now on, let's not_waste_our_time_on_unimportant_things_but have a heart-to-heart chat with our parents once in a while.
7．上课时要认真听老师讲课，否则你听不懂他在说什么。
Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_can't_catch_what_he_is_saying. 8．她正走在大街上，这时她听到有人叫她。
She was_walking_along_the_street_when she heard someone calling her. 增分句型(二) 吸引眼球的定语从句
定语从句的正确使用能够比较明显地反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。
(一)定语从句的类型 1．关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。
①(2018·北京高考书面表达)Last week, we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.上周，我们带领外国学生体验
了正宗的茶文化，结果证明非常值得。
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Secondly, you will make some good friends who are also interested in playing table tennis.第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。
③As you see, the Chinese people are hard-working. 你知道，中国人民是勤劳的。 2．关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。
①(2018·北京高考书面表达)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture.
它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化中。
②(2014·安徽高考书面表达)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.
我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。 3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
(2017·北京高考书面表达)Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.
搜集材料花了我们整整一周的时间，在此期间我们采访了老师并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面。
(二)定语从句的写法
定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：
[示例]
第一步：写出两个简单句。 ①The foreigner is from Canada. ②He visited our class yesterday.
第二步：在句①中找出一处要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。
第三步：用句②充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。
The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
[应用体验] 用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句 ①I have a friend.Her father is an engineer. →I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.
②I will go on a trip to Sichuan.There are a great number of places of interest in Sichuan. →
I_will_go_on_a_trip_to_Sichuan,_where_there_are_a_great_number_of_places_of_interest. ③This is the best method.It can be used against pollution. →This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution. ④I've always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then. →I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.
⑤Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers.Two of them influenced me greatly.
→
Through_the_course_of_my_schooling,_I_met_many_teachers,_two_of_whom_influenced_me_greatly.
[专题过关训练]
用定语从句补全句子
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们都知道，《一起成长》这部优秀的英文短片看起来很有趣。
As_we_all_know,_the outstanding English short film, Growing Together, is interesting to watch.
2．(2018·浙江高考写作)我想申请这个职位的原因是我想提高我的英语口语水平，并且帮助外国中学生更好地了解中国文化。
The_reason_why_I_want_to_apply_for_the_position_is_that I want to improve my spoken English and help foreign students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我们将学习唐朝时期写的一些中国诗歌。
We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which_were_written_in_the_Tang_Dynasty. 4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)六月的最后一个周日怎么样？那时考试已经结束，我们都有时间。
How about the last Sunday of June, when_the_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free? 5．(2016·四川高考书面表达)一年中有四季，每个季节都有显著的特点。 There are four seasons in a year, each_of_which_has_distinctive_features. 6．(2015·陕西高考书面表达)作为一名外向的学生，我善于同其他人交流，这使我对这个职位感到自信。
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