Man. For thepresent, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons, maybefore long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. Itwill never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to lookupon international questions in a new way, not as contests of forec, in which the victory goes to the side which ismost skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (调解) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easyto change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption oft_his or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a bigerror. All ideologies are based on dogmatic ( 教条式的) statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst,totally false. Their adherents believe in them fanatically (狂热地) that they are willing to go to war in support ofthem.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. Ithas become a commonplace ( 老生长谈) that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problemsremain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. Ithas begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to beunderstood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between Man and the atombomb.
56. This passage implies that war now is _________ A) worse than in the past
C) not so dangerous as in the pastB ) as bad as in the past D) as necessary as in the past
57. In the sentence \do this, we need to persuade mankind... \(Line 6, Para.1 ), \
A) solving international problems
B) improving weapons C) abolishing war
D) living a peaceful life
58. From Paragraph 2 we learn that the author of the passage A) is a supporter of some modem ideologies
B) does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent war C) believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent war D) has no doubt about the truth of any ideologies 59. The last paragraph suggests that_________
A) international agreements can be reached more easily now B) man begins to realize the danger of nuclear war C) nuclear war will definitely not take place D) world opinion welcomes nuclear war 60. According to the author,_________.
A) war is the only way to solve internatioual disputes
B) war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons C) it is impossible for man to live without war D) war must be abolished if man wants to survive Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmospherein such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or material adversely (有害地). Air pollution requires avery flexible definition that permits continuous change. When the first air pollution laws were established inEngland in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled—a farcry (悬殊的差别) from the extensive list of harmful substances known today. As technology has developed andknowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened. In thefuture, even water vapor (水蒸气) might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions.
Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, arefound in nature. As the Earth developed, the concentrations ( 浓度) of these pollutants were altered by variouschemical reactions; they became components in biogeochemical (生物地球化学的) cycles. These serve as an airpurification scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil. On a global basis,nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities. However, human productionusually occurs in a localized area, such as a city.
In this localized region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the natural purificationscheme of the cycles. The result is an increased concentration of noxious ( 有害的) chemicals in the air. Theconcentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants wouldhave in the absence of human activities. The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be apollutant; in fact the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at0.08 parts per million (ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level. Carbon monoxide, however, has a naturallevel of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm.
61. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _________ A) water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas
B) the definition of air pollution will continue to change C) a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities D) most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled
62. In what way can natural pollutants play an important role in controlling air pollution?
A) They function as part of a purification process.
B) They are dwarfed by the pollutants produced by human activities. C) They are less harmful to living beings than are other pollutants.
D) They have existed since the Earth developed.
63. According to the passage, the numerical value Of the concentration level of a substance is only useful if
A) the other substances in the area are known B ) it is a localized area
C) it can be calculated quickly D) the naturally occurring level is also known
64. Which of the following is best supported by the passage?
A) To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly revise the air pollution laws.
B) One of the most important steps in preserving natural lands is to better enforce air pollution laws.
C) Scientists should be consulted in order to establish uniform limits for all air pollutants.
D) Human activities have great impact on air pollution. 65. The passage mainly discusses _________
A) the economic impact on air pollution C) how much damage air pollutants can cause
B) what constitutes an air pollutant D) the quantity of compounds added to the atmosphere
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.\
北京有无数的胡[司(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到l0个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
大学英语四级考试冲刺试题二答案精析
Part I Writing
Honesty Should Be Treasured
Honesty is a valuable virtue that should be treasured. A saying goes like this--\honesty resembles a piece of fiat paper—once crumpled, it willnever be neat again.
In the well-known story of \the wolves in the endbecause he had lost people's trust for telling lies many times. Sometimes even one speaks or acts dishonestly foronly once, others will be suspicious of him or her thereafter. Sadly, nowadays more and more people choose tosacrifice their honesty for pursuing reputation, personal interest, etc.
The fact is that, among all the good qualities a person should possess such as kindness, diligence andbravery, honesty is regarded as the fundamental one for him/her to gain a foothold in the society. What is more,being honest can earn us sincere trust and respect of others, and thus promote our study, career or other aspects inlife. Given all the above, we should always be honest; otherwise we will
lose other's trust forever. 【译文】
珍惜诚信
诚信是一种应被珍视的宝贵美德。有句格言说：“一个说谎者即使说的是真话，别人也不会相信。”这句话意味着诚信就如同一张平整的纸，一旦被揉皱了，就很难再展平。
在那个家喻户晓的《狼来了》的故事中，小牧童最终被狼吃掉了，因为多次说谎使他失去了人们对他的信任。有的时候，一个人哪怕只说一次谎或者只做一次不诚信的事情，别人从那以后就会对他／她产生怀疑。不幸的是，如今越来越多的人都选择牺牲诚信，去追求名望、个人利益等等。
事实是，一个人如果想在社会上立足，在他／她所应该拥有的诸多美德(比如善良、勤奋、勇敢)中，诚信被认为是最基本的一种。此外，诚信也可以为我们赢得他人真心的信赖和尊敬，从而促进我们学业、事业以及生活其他方面的发展。由此看来，我们应该始终保持诚信，否则就会永久地失去他人的信任。
【要点用法】
virtue美德 thereafter从那以后 liar说谎的人 sacrifice牺牲
imply暗示，意味着 reputation名望，声誉 resemble和??相像personal interest个人利益 crumple弄皱，揉皱 possess拥有 neat平整的 diligence勤奋
shepherd牧羊者 fundamental基本的，根本性的 dishonestly不诚信地 promote促进
suspicious怀疑的 given all the above综上所述 Part II Listening Comprehension Section A 1. D
W: I can't stop thinking about my research.
M: Neither can I. I am working on my thesis day and night. Q: What does the man mean'? 【听前预测】
1．四项均以he开头，其中两项为现在完成进行时。
2．四项均与动作有关(eaten，helpin9，searching，working)。
3．两项含有与最近状况有关的副词(recently，constantly)。结论：需留意男士最近在忙于什么事情。
【解析】女士说：“我无法不去想关于研究的事。”男士答道：“我也是。我日夜不停地在写我的论文。”可见，男士是说他一直在赶写论文。D项中的constantly是对原文中day and night的同义转述。 2． B
M: Do you think the price of our meals will go up next term?W: There is no question about it.
O: What does the woman mean? 【听前预测】
1．两项为一般将来时，一项为一般现在时，一项为现在完成时。 2．四项均含有与学校有关的词汇(school，term)。
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