2019-2020同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+Ⅲ Grammar——

2019-2020同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句（Ⅲ）

和反意疑问句和答案

Section Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句(Ⅲ)和

反意疑问句

语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 ①Looking good is important to women，isn't it？ ②I'm taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less，which are quite popular among young women here. ③My mother，who you met last year，keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous. ④My mother insisted on sending me to the hospital，where I received good medical treatment. ⑤We shouldn't be ashamed of the way we look，should we？ ⑥It's the same in China—many people，some of whom are not overweight at all，are always going on a diet. 后自主感悟 1.例句②中的关系词在从句中作主语。 2.例句③⑥中的关系词在从句中作宾语。 3.例句④中的关系词在从句中作地点状语。 4.反意疑问有两种基本形式：例句①属于前肯后否式，例句⑤属于前否后肯式。

一、非限制性定语从句 1．概述

非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不密切，它的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明，与先行词之间的关系较为松散，之间有逗号分隔。若去掉此定语从句，句子的主旨大意仍然明确，不会引起误解和太大的歧义。

Mr.Li is the manager of our company，whom you saw at the meeting yesterday. 李先生是我们公司的经理，昨天你在会上见过他。 2．关系词的作用

先行词 关系词 作用 - 1 - / 9

2019-2020同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句（Ⅲ）

和反意疑问句和答案

人 人 物/整个主句 人/物 人/物/整个主句 时间名词 常为地点名词 who whom which whose(＝of whom/of which) as when where 主语 宾语 主语/宾语 定语 主语/宾语 时间状语 地点状语 Charles Smith，who was my former teacher，retired last year.(主语) 查尔斯·史密斯去年退休了，他曾是我的老师。

Xiao Wang，whom they often talk about，is going to America next month.(宾语) 他们经常谈到的那个小王下个月要去美国了。

There are many high buildings along the river，where there used to stand rows of trees.(地点状语)

沿河有很多的高楼，过去那儿是成排的树。 The earth goes around the sun，as we all know.(宾语) 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 [名师点津]

(1)在非限制性定语从句中不能用that来代指人或物，而应当用who/whom指人，用which指物。指人和指物的关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时也不能省略。指人作宾语时通常用宾格whom，口语中也可用who。

(2)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，常用for which代替why。 [即时训练1] 用适当的关系词填空

①China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

②The books on the desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us. ③We then moved to Paris，where we lived for six years. 3．as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 as，which引导非限制性定语从句指代整个句子

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2019-2020同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句（Ⅲ）

和反意疑问句和答案

引导词 位置 意义 功能 as 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 正如 连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容 which 引导的从句不能位于主句之前 这，那 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句 As is announced in today's newspapers，we must improve our style of work. 正如今天的报纸上说的，我们必须改进工作作风。(as引导非限制性定语从句，代指主句we must improve our style of work)

Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.

众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。(as引导非限制性定语从句，代指主句Einstein is a famous scientist)

It rained hard yesterday，which prevented me from going to the park.

昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。(which引导非限制性定语从句，代指主句It rained hard yesterday)

[名师点津]

(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，其后常接expect，know，report，say，see等动词的主动或被动语态句以及用于一些固定结构中。如：as was expected(不出所料)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)，as is often the case(这是常有的事)等。

(2)as也可用在限制性定语从句中，先行词中常含有such，so或the same等。 Such books as I have read are English novels. 我所读过的书都是英文小说。(as作宾语) [即时训练2] 选词填空：as，which

①The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.

②Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.

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2019-2020同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句（Ⅲ）

和反意疑问句和答案

③She has the same fair hair and blue eyes as her mother has.

4．在“介词＋which/whom”之前可以使用表示数量或定位的数词、形容词最高级或代词。

(1)常见的代词有all，none，both，neither，any，each，either等。 He had two sons，both of whom were killed in the war. 他有两个儿子，他们都在战争中死去。

(2)常见的表示数量的词有a few，several，many，a lot，a large number，a great many，a great deal，a large quantity等。

They asked me a lot of questions，many of which I couldn't answer. 他们问了我很多问题，其中有许多我不会回答。 (3)the＋形容词的最高级/last/序数词＋of＋which/whom

In his office there are nine clerks，the youngest of whom is Mr Liu. 在他的办公室有9个职员，其中最年轻的是刘先生。 [即时训练3] 句型转换

①John invited about 40 people to his wedding.Most of them are family members. →John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.

②He has three sons.Two of them are doctors. →He has three sons，two of whom are doctors. ③Amy eats lots of fruit and vegetables.All of the fruit and vegetables are good for her health.

→Amy eats lots of fruit and vegetables，all of which are good for her health. 5．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 类型 限制程度 句子结构 先行词 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 不可或缺，去掉后主句意思不补充说明主句，去掉后不影响主句明确 前面没有逗号 先行词一般为单个的名词或代词 - 4 - / 9

意义的完整 有逗号与先行词分开 先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个句子或其中一部分 2019-2020同步译林英语必修一新突破讲义：Unit+3+Section+Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句（Ⅲ）

和反意疑问句和答案

引导词 可用所有的关系代词/副词引导，且关系词作宾语时可省略 在所有的关系词中不能用that或why引导非限制性定语从句，且引导词不能省略 译成并列句 翻译方式 译成前置定语 I'll never forget the day when I first met you. 我将永远不会忘记我第一次遇到你的那一天。(when引导限制性定语从句) They will set off for London next year，when they will have enough money.他们打算明年去伦敦，届时钱也凑够了。(when引导非限制性定语从句)

[即时训练4] 完成句子

①他住在北京，从这里到那儿有5个小时的车程。 He lives in Beijing，which is about five hours' ride from here. ②他们居住的城市正在发生巨大变化。

Great changes are taking place in the city(which/that)they live in．/Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live．

二、反意疑问句 1．概述

反意疑问句就是对陈述句所叙述的事情提出相反疑问的问句。主要表示以礼貌或委婉的语气提出要求、询问或确认信息等。读时前半部分用降调，后半部分用升调。

2．基本构成形式

反意疑问句的前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。陈述部分为肯定句时，疑问句用否定式，反之亦然。

We can still be friends，can't we? 我们仍然是朋友，不是吗？ He doesn't like ice cream，does he? 他不喜欢冰淇淋，是吗？

[即时训练5] 完成下列反意疑问句 ①His father can't name the plant，can he? ②Mary likes playing basketball in her spare time，

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