查尔斯?兰姆(1775—1834)，英国著名的文学家，其代表作有《伊利亚随笔》(1823)。本文节选自其文章《读书漫谈》。
Andrew's Rulds to Be Rich
The person of next consideration is Sir Andrew Freeport, a merchant of great eminence in the city of London, a person of indefatigable industry, strong reason, and great experience. His notions of trade are noble and generous, and (as every rich man has usually some sly way of jesting, which would make on great figure were he not a rich man) he calls the sea the British Common. He is acquainted with commerce in all its parts, and will tell you that it is a stupid and barbarous way to extend dominion by arms; for true power is to be got by arts and industry. He will often argue, that if this part of our trade were well cultivated, we should gain from one nation; and of another, from another. I have heard him prove that diligence made more lasting acquisitions than Valero, and that sloth has ruined more nations than the sowed. He abounds in several frugal maxims, among which the greatest favorite is, \pleasanter company than a general scholar; and Sir Andrew having a natural unaffected eloquence, the perspicuity of his discourse gives the same pleasure that wit would in another man. He has made his fortunes himself, and says that England may be richer than other kingdoms by as plain methods as he himself is richer than other men ; though at the same time I can say this of him, that there is not a pointing the compass but blows home a ship in which he is an owner. 【注释】
indefatigable不倦的;不屈不挠的 jest笑话,俏皮话 sloth懒散,怠惰 abound in:大量存在 frugal节约的,俭朴的 perspicuity明晰;简明
安德鲁的致富之道 理查德?斯梯尔
下一个要说的重要人物是伦敦市有名的富商安德鲁?弗利波特爵士——这是一位具有坚强理智、丰富经验、而又孜孜不倦的事业家。他对于贸易颇有一些恢宏大度的看法，而且，有钱人都爱说句俏皮话(他们若不是富翁，别人恐怕也就看不出那俏皮话到底有何出色之处)，他把海洋叫做英国的公共领地。有关商业的种种事务他都精通，常常说 ：武力不过是主权扩张的一种愚蠢而野蛮的方式，真正的权力是靠着工业、技术而赢得的。他常发议论说 ：只要我国在某一方面的贸易充分发展起来，就会从甲国那里赚钱，在另一方面发展，又会从乙国获利。他亲口对我说：作战勇敢，不如勤奋获利长远 ；又说 ：懒惰足以亡国，其害甚于刀剑。他肚子里装了许许多多关于节俭的格言，最爱说的一句是 ：“一便士不花，等于一便士挣下。”跟一个普通的聪明商人打交道，比跟一个普通学者打交道要愉快得多。别人说话机智俏皮，叫人高兴 ；安德鲁爵士说话直来直去，发表什么意见明明白白，同样叫人觉得愉快。他的家私是靠自己挣来的。他说 ：英国只要采用他自己那一套简简单单的致富办法，便可以比其他国家富裕。关于安德鲁爵士，我不妨再说一句 ：不管罗盘针指着哪一个方向，都会有属于他的船只给英国运
来财富。 【作者简介】
理查德?斯梯尔(1672—1729)是十八世纪初具代表性的英国随笔作家，与阿狄生合办刊物《旁观者》。本文便节选自该刊物。
A Little Boy
How I never could be tired with roaming about that huge mansion, with its vast empty rooms, with their worn-out hangings, fluttering tapestry, and carved oaken panels, with the gilding almost rubbed out---sometimes in the spacious old-fashioned gardens, which I had almost to myself, unless when now and then a solitary gardening man would cross me---and how the nectarines and peaches hung upon the walls, without my ever offering to pluck them, because they were forbidden fruit, unless now and then, ---and because I had more pleasure in strolling about among the old melancholy-looking yew-trees, or the firs, and picking up the red berries, and the fir-apples, which were good for nothing but to look at ---or in lying about upon the fresh grass, with all the fine garden smells around me---or basking in the orangery, till I could almost fancy myself ripening too along with the oranges and the limes in that grateful warmth-or in watching the dace that darted to and Fro in the fish-pond, at the bottom of the garden, with here and there a great sulky pike hanging midway down the water in silent state, as if it mocked at their impertinent friskiness, ---I had more pleasure in these busy-idle diversions than in all the sweet flavors of peaches, nectarines, oranges, and such like common baits of children. 【注释】
tapestry绣帷;挂毯 nectarine油桃(水果名) gilding镀金 pluck 采,摘,拔
fir-apples:枞树的一种圆锥形果实 dace鲦鱼 dart猛冲,飞奔 impertinent不切题的
一个小男孩 查尔斯?兰姆
我在那所很大很大的宅院里满世界地跑，从来不知什么是疲倦：那里有许许多多又大又空的房间和破破烂烂的帷帐，墙上的幔子还随风飘动，橡木雕花嵌板上的金粉却已剥落了——我常常到那座古老的大花园里去玩，那花园简直叫我一个人独占了，偶尔才碰上一个孤零零的老园丁——那园子里，油桃和桃子垂在墙头上，我根本不去碰它，因为那是禁果，除非偶然一回两回——因为，我更高兴在那些带着忧郁神情的老水松树或者枞树之间跑来跑去，从地上捡那么几颗红浆果，几只枞果，而那些枞果只能看，不能吃——有时候，我随便躺在嫩草地上，让自己完全沉浸在满园子的芳香之中——要不然，我就在桔子园里晒太阳，晒得暖洋洋的，一边想象自己跟那些桔子、好些菩提树一同成熟起来——再不然，我就到花园深处，看那些鲦鱼在鱼池里穿梭般游来游去，不定在哪里还会发现一条很大的梭子鱼冷冷落落地停在深水之间，一动不动，好象对于那些
小鱼们的轻狂样儿暗中表示鄙夷，——我喜欢的是诸如此类无事忙的消遣，而对于象桃子呀，油桃呀，桔子呀等等这些普通的小孩子们的诱饵，碰也不去碰它。 【作者简介】
查尔斯?兰姆（1775-1834），英国著名文学家。本文节选自其散文《梦幻中的小孩子（一段奇想）》。
The Man in Black
Though fond of many acquaintances, I desire an intimacy only with a few. The Man in black, whom I have often mentioned, is one whose friendship I could wish to acquire, because he possesses my esteem. His manners, it is true, are tinctured with some strange inconsistencies; and he may be justly termed a humorist in a nation of humorists. Though he is generous even to profusion, he affects to be thought a prodigy of parsimony and prudence; though his conversation be replete with the most sordid and selfish maxims, his heart is deleted with the most unbounded love. I have known him profess himself a man-hater, while his cheek was glowing with compassion; and ,while his looks were softened into pity, I have heard him use the languages; of the most unbounded ill-nature. Some affect humanity and tenderness, others boast of having such dispositions from Nature; but he is the only man I ever know who seemed ashamed of his natural benevolence. He takes as much pains to hide his feelings, as any hypocrite would to conceal his indifference; but on every unguarded moment the mask drops off , and reveals him to the most superficial observer. 【注释】
The Man in Black:这篇文章是《世界公民》 \中的第二十六封信，原有标题： The Character of the Man in Black; With Some Instances of His Inconsistent Conduct(黑衣人的性格；他言行矛盾的若干事例)。 esteem尊重,尊敬 tinctured着色于,染 humorist[\\OU7:P:T0KC]:滑稽者;滑稽演员 profusion慷慨
prodigy [\\AT5D0DN0]:奇迹,奇事;奇观 parsimony吝啬;过于俭省 replete充满的,装满的 sordid肮脏的,污秽的 benevolence仁慈,善心 hypocrite伪善者,伪君子
黑 衣 人
奥里弗?哥尔斯密斯
我虽然广爱交友，却只愿跟少数知己亲密来往。我常常提起的那位黑衣人，就是因为我敬重他的为人，这才愿意同他做朋友的。自然，他做起事情来顾前不顾后，有些古怪，在一个专出滑稽人物的民族当中算得一个地地道道的滑稽人物。他的脾气本来是慷慨大方到了挥金如土的地步，却爱在人前装出一副特别吝啬小气的样子；他心里对人们充满着无限的热爱，满嘴里说的却是卑鄙自私的口头禅。我曾经见他嘴里一边说自己那么厌恶人类，脸上却因为同情别人而涨得通红，而当他的面容现出一派温柔悲悯的表情的时候，嘴里说的却是性情恶毒的人才能说出的话。有的人假装仁慈厚道，还有的人生怕暴露自己天生的仁爱心肠。伪君子掩饰自己的冷漠无情不遗余力，他却竭力掩饰自己
的真情实意；不过，不定什么时候他一不小心，假面具掉下来，再粗心大意的人也能看出他的本来面目。 【作者简介】
奥里弗?哥尔斯密斯（1728-1774），十八世纪中叶的著名英国作家。本文节选自其短文《黑衣人》。
What Should We Do in Our Lives
Augustus, a few minutes before his death, asked his friends who stood about him, if they thought he had acted his part well; and upon receiving such an answer as was due to his extraordinary merit, 'Let me then,' says he, 'go off the stage with your applause;' using the expression with which the Roman actors made their exit at the conclusion of a dramatic piece. I could wish that men, while they are in health, would consider well the nature of the part they are engaged in, and what figure it will make in the minds of those that leave behind them, whether it was worth coming into the world for; whether it be suitable to a reasonable being : in short, whether it appears graceful in this life, or will turn to advantage in the next.Let the sycophant or the buffoon, the satirist or the good companion, consider with himself, when his body shall be laid in the grave, and his soul pass into another state of existence, how much it will redound to his praise to have it said of him, that no man in England ate better, that he had an admirable talent at turning his friends into ridicule, that nobody outdid him at an ill-natured jest, or that he never went to bed before he had dispatched his third bottle. These are, however, very common funeral orations, and eulogies on deceased persons who have acted among mankind with some figure and reputation.
Augustus (奥古斯都)屋大维 (Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus 63 B.C--14 A.D)凯撒大将的侄孙，罗马帝国的第一个皇帝，在位时期文治武功甚盛。
in the next：in the next life(根据基督教信抑，人死后，到最后审判时还要复活，由上帝赏善罚恶。所以作家这样说)。
sycophant谗言者;食客 buffoon丑角;滑稽剧演员 satirist讽刺作家 redound 起作用;有助于(+to) oration演说,演讲 eulogy 颂词;悼词 decease死亡
奥古斯都在去世前几分钟，问他左右的亲信，对他在一生中所扮演的角色，他们觉得如何?在得到了与他的丰功伟绩相适应的答复之后，他使用了罗马演员在演出结束就要下场时常用的一句台词，说：“那么，就让我在你们的喝采声中下台吧!”我希望人们在身强力壮的时候最好想一想他们究竟在扮演着什么样的角色，为了这个，是否值得到世上走这么一趟；一旦他们离开人世，究竟会给后人留下一个什么样的印象；跟一个有理性的动物是否相称——一句话，在今生是否光彩，到来世是否有利。那些趋炎附势之徒，嘻嘻哈哈的混混儿，讽刺人的专家，吃吃喝喝的酒肉朋友，最好都能自思自想一番：将来，他的躯体埋入坟墓，他的灵魂进入另一种存在状态，要是别人提起他来，只说全英国再没有别人比他更会吃喝，他那挖苦别人的本领实在叫人佩服，在开恶毒玩笑方面没有人能够赛得过他，他不灌完三瓶酒绝不上床睡觉。然而，不少故世的人却也只能得到
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