? 虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表 示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 虚拟语气的用法：
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。如： May you be happy. 祝你幸福。
May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。
May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ You go out！ 你出去！
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中：动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是 一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。如： I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，\可以省略。如： The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。 3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中：在句型 \中，that 后 面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形，如：
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中：虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与 事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。
A、与现在事实相反的：If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原
形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
B、与过去事实相反的：If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。
He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。 If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
明白了虚拟语气的用法就会明白什么时候需要用虚拟语气了，在表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，或表示的含义不是客观存在的事实时需要用虚拟语气。
? 简化宾语从句常用六法
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同(或相近)的试题。下 面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且宾语从句的
主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语
一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.
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注：当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾
语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：
Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order(命令)，require(需要)等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从
句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。例如：
He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式(短语)来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：
I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy. 宾语从句练习1
( ) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. can take B. would take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
宾语从句练习2
( ) 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( ) 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( ) 3 I hardly understand.___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 4 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
( ) 5 I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D.when
( ) 6 Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
( ) 7 He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
宾语从句练习3
( ) 1.They don't know ______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
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( ) 2.Please tell me ______what last year.
A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( ) 3.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( ) 4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 5 Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
( ) 6 Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
宾语从句练习4
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended
4. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
5. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
6. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
7. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
8. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
9. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
宾语从句练习5
一、用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句 1. What is her name? (I don’t know)
__________________________________________________________________ 2.Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)
__________________________________________________________________ 3. What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)
__________________________________________________________________ 4. Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)
__________________________________________________________________ 5. When did the accident happen? (Please go and find out)
__________________________________________________________________ 6. What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know)
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__________________________________________________________________ 7. Whose box is it on the floor? (I’m not sure)
__________________________________________________________________ 8. How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me)
__________________________________________________________________ 9. She is a teacher. (I hear)
__________________________________________________________________ 10. Does her aunt live in Paris? (I’m not sure)
__________________________________________________________________ 11. Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked)
__________________________________________________________________ 12. Who will come to join us? (Do you know)
__________________________________________________________________ 13. My son is having a cold. (she said)
__________________________________________________________________ 14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I don’t know)
__________________________________________________________________ 二、选择题
1、Do you know how much hot water _______?
A．Mum is needed B．does Mum need C．Mum needs D．did Mum need 2、Can you tell me_______?
A．where he is B．where is he C．he is where D．what is he 3、I didn't know how_______to London?
A．would they go B．are they going C．they would go D．they are going 4、I want to know how long_______.
A．has he been back B．has he come back C．he has been back D．he has come back 5、Do you know_______?
A．what the news are B．what is the news C．what the news is D．what are the news 6、He said he would help me with my maths if he_______free. A．was B．will be C．would be D．is
7、He will write to you as soon as he _______to Shanghai. A．gets B．is getting C．will get D．shall get 8、Father_______music when he_______young
A．liked…was B．liked…is C．likes…was D．likes…is 9、I liked sports_______I was young.
A．so much as B．so much that C．very much when D．very much because 10、_______ mother got home, I was tidying my room. A．After B．When C．As soon as D．Before
11、The teacher didn't begin her class_______the students stopped talking. A．until B．because C．after D．when
12、If it_______tomorrow, we'll go to the Great wall.
A．doesn't rain B．won't rain C．not rains D．isn't rain 13、Could you tell me_______we get to the plane? A．how B．whether C．where D．what
14、When they got to the cinema, the film_______for the ten minutes.
A．had been on B．has begun C．began D．had begun
15、The teacher says_______she will leave a message on the headmaster's desk. A．if B．who C．that D．what 16、Lucy looks stronger_______Lily.
A．than B．as C．then D．not as
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17、I know nothing about it _______he told me .A．because B．since C．until D．after
18、You must make your new house clean and safe _______you move in. A．because B．when C．before D．until 19、I was_______tired_______I couldn't walk on.
A．so…that B．too…to C．very…that D．very…to 20、I thought he_______to see his mother if he time.
A．will go…has B．will go …will have C．would go …would have D．would go …had 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1、I won't return the book to the library because I _______(not finish) reading it. 2、As soon as he saw me, he _______to speak to me. (stop) 3、I hope he _______(come) back in a week.
4、It _______(rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.
5、The old man told the children _______(not walk) in the rice fields. 6、He told me he _______(help) her with her maths the next evening. 7、She said they_______(know) each other for quite some time.
8、If it_______(not rain) tomorrow, we _______(visit) the Pople's Museum. 9、John _______(write) something when I _______(go) to see him.
10、Our teacher told us that light_______(travel) much faster than sound. 11、When I got to the cinema, the film _______(begin)
12、Mike asked me if we _______(ask) any questions the next class.
13、Will you come and stay with us for a while when you _______(finish) doing your homework? 14、Comrade Wang didn't know if there _______(be) on English evening that day. 15、Please tell me if she _______(come) again next time.
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