unit 5

英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5

Unit 5 The Real Truth about Lies

I

1 When we start to tell a lie, we have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often requires other lies until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex that it ensnares the liar.

2 One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to make moral right and wrong judgments is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.

3 The most understandable and acceptable lies are those which are told for the sake to love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists. I

1 very important/shocking/traumatic

2 avoid hurting the other’s feelings/avoid doing something that would upset the other person 3 telling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slant/modifying the truth

4 a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous 5 under any circumstances/whatever might happen II

1 supportive 2 perceived 3 prevarication 4 astounded 5 undermine 6 faltered 7 fibs

8 volunteered

III

1) ethic n.→ ethical a. → unethical a. 伦理学是哲学的分科。

Ethics is a branch of philosophy. 他的行为不太道德。

His behaviour has not been strictly ethical.

2) feign v. → feigned a.

有些动物遇到危险时便装死。

Some animals feign death when in danger. 他大发雷霆，不知是真的还是假的。

He was consuming with indignation, real or feigned.

3) spare v. → sparing a. → unsparing a. → unsparingly ad. 他们把男人都杀了，但放过了孩子。

They killed the men but spared the children. 尼任斯基对演技精益求精一丝不苟。

Nijinsky was unsparing in his demands for perfection. 他强迫自己拼命干。

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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5

He drove himself unsparingly.

4) cynicism n. → cynic n. →cynical a. 他的话带着强烈的讽刺。

His remark has a fine edge of cynicism.

罗伯特是一个地道的怀疑主义者，他不会不假思索就相信任何事或任何人。 Roberts is a real cynic; he won't accept anything or anyone at face value. 他们逐渐感到所谓民主制度也不过尔尔。 They?ve grown rather cynical about democracy.

5) confound v. → confounded a. → confoundedly ad. 他的所作所为让她感到既惊愕又困惑。 His behaviour amazed and confounded her. 你真讨厌死了！

You?re a confounded nuisance! 天气太热了。

It?s confoundedly hot.

6) lubricate v. → lubricant n. 我需要润润嗓子。

My throat needs lubricating.

我们使用哪种润滑剂，主要取决于轴承的转速如何。

The sort of lubricant which we use depends largely on the running speed of the bearing.

7) tangle v. → tangle n. → entangle v. 她的头发让带刺的铁网缠住了。

Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire fence. 他的财务状况是一笔糊涂帐。

His financial affairs are in such a tangle. 她的长发让玫瑰丛给钩住了。

Her long hair entangled itself in the rose bush.

8) will n. → willful a.

我被迫违心地在协议上签了字。

I was forced to sign the agreement against my will. 只要人有恒，万事皆可成。 A willful man must have his way. IV

1) The governor is trying hard to ________ the scandal. cover up

cover up: put sth. over sth. else so that it cannot be seen; prevent people from discovering

mistakes or unpleasant facts e.g. 他忘了把机器盖起来。

He had forgotten to have the machine covered up.

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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5

你怎么能掩盖自己的错误呢？

How can you cover up your mistake?

2) Samantha was amazed when late one evening, Adam _______ that he loved her. blurted out blurt out: say sth. suddenly and tactlessly

e.g. 我还没来得及阻止，他已冲口说出了这个坏消息。

He blurted out the bad news before I could stop him.

3) He claimed that he had been ________ after drugs were discovered in his suitcase. set up set up: make sb. feel healthy and full of energy e.g. 你喝杯热饮料马上就精神了。

A hot drink will soon set you up.

4) Did you ever ________ why the man deserted his wife and four children? find out find out: get information, after trying to discover it by effort or by chance e.g. 弄清楚合同的条件是什么。

Find out what the conditions of the contract are.

5) Wind and water slowly ________ the mountain?s jagged edges. wear down wear down: reduce or become weaker until useless e.g. 这一策略旨在逐步削弱敌人的抵抗力。

The strategy was designed to wear down the enemy's resistance.

6) They are going to a restaurant which ________ Mexican food. specializes in specialize in: give particular attention to (a subject, product, etc.) e.g. 其实我们专营此项产品已有多年历史。 In fact, we specialize in this in with a long history.

7) A modest scholar never ________ have exhausted his subject. professes to profess to: claim (sth.), often falsely e.g. 我并不自诩是这一问题的专家。

I don't profess to be an expert in this subject.

8) The press ________ them ________ their breakthroughs in the research into the causes of

cancer. complimented on

compliment … on …: express of praise, admiration, approval, etc. e.g. 我们大家都夸他勇敢。

We all complimented him on his courage. V

1. But there is evidence that this attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common. ? Synonyms: evasion, equivocation

2. Ninety-two per cent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous

year, and seventy-three percent characterized themselves as “serial liars,” meaning they told lies weekly.

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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5

3.

4. 5.

6.

7. 8.

? Synonyms: chronic, repeated

Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are familiar.

? Synonyms: common, prevalent, omnipresent Tom dislikes her “special” pumpkin pie intensely. ? Antonym: slightly

How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we don't really mean it?

? Antonyms: insult, reproach, criticize

“Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar's perception of his chances of being caught may warp.” ? Synonym: distort

Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter. ? Synonyms: growth, multiplication

Or will he feel his long-term trust in you has been undermined? ? Antonyms: strengthened, consolidated

II. Grammar

1) Modal Auxiliaries

Modal auxiliaries are special auxiliary verbs that express the degree of certainty of the action in the sentence, or the attitude or opinion of the writer concerning the action. Some common modal auxiliaries are must, can, will, and should.

Practice

Complete each sentence with what you think the most appropriate of the four choices given. 1. _________ go to school tomorrow? A. Must you to B. Have you to C. Do you have to D. Do you must Key: C

2. ________ known the truth? A. Might John B. May John have C. Could John have D. Can John

Key: C (We don?t use may / might in a question when they refer to possibility.) （注意斜体部分保持斜体）

3. I can?t find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody. A) may have been taken away B) may leave

C) may take away D) must have taken away Key: A

4.He ____ the 9：20 train because he didn?t leave home till 9:25. A) can reach B) could catch

C) may not catch D) couldn?t have caught Key: D

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