unit 5

英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5

our children to be chumps. Therefore we hesitate to praise honesty too (6) ________, or to encourage it at the expense of common sense, or expediency or the pressures of practicality and the “real world.” Even experts in interpersonal (7) ________ tell us that too much honesty can destroy a relationship. Honesty now looks like a dubious virtue (8) ________ not an actual vice. It is studied and examined as a stratagem rather than (9) ________ a hallmark of character.

Despite our contemporary discomfort with too much honesty, the quality remains central to our (10) ________ codes and counsels. Deceptions subvert the moral life, and destroy the foundations of our social arrangements. Whatever basis for humane communion is to be found in (11) ________ principles of respect for persons or faith in God is eroded by our failures to treat each other as persons worthy of being told the (12) ________.

Keys:

1. service 2. rather 3. off 4. are 5. advantage 6. much 7. relations 8. if 9. as 10. moral 11. either 12. truth

Hints: (1) It?s a set collocation with the word lip. (2) It?s a set phrase with the word would. (3) It?s a set phrase with the word ward.

(4) Here the subject and object are both in plural form, so the link verb should also be in plural form.

(5) It?s a set phrase.

(6) An adverb is expected to modify the predicate.

(7) In this prepositional phrase a noun is missing, and we can get this noun from the context. (In the same sentence.)

(8) A conjunction is needed here.

(9) A same structure is needed after than.

(10) From the next sentence we can get this adjective which can be used to modify codes and counsels.

(11) This is a set collocation which contains the word or and implies a choice.

(12) A noun is expected and from the whole text we can get the meaning of this noun.

VI. Writing

Essay Writing: How to Write a Descriptive Essay

Descriptive essays strive to create a deeply involved and vivid experience for the reader. Great descriptive essays achieve this effect not through facts and statistics but by using detailed observations and descriptions.

A good descriptive essay has to: ? ? ? ? ?

give a vivid perception of the subject of description, include all the smallest important possible details,

deliver the emotional background of the described subject, indicate the author?s emotional response caused by the subject, eliminate every single irrelevant detail,

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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5

? gradually reveal different aspects of the subject in each paragraph. Sample

The door to my study is nearly always closed. It's the place I go to read and work in tranquility. Today, however, I'm inviting you in for a visit.

As you open the door, notice the Guatemalan crucifix with its bright gold and maroon flowers; it joyfully reminds me to dedicate my work to God. Although the room is small, I hope you find it cozy. A big cheerful window lets in the morning sunshine, which saturates the room with its warmth and embraces us with light. Birds chirp outside, beckoning you to enter.

An old-fashioned doctor's desk with brass drawer handles sits in front of the window, its wood full of nicks from many careless moves and tow once-teething puppies. May I introduce you to Ralph, my friendly computer, who sits on top of the desk? When I turn him on, he'll crackle \on the screen. That's my dog Chico under the desk, snoring in harmony with Ralph and the birds.

Against the left wall are my book cases, sagging with the wise weight of cheap paperbacks and a few expensive gold-spined volumes interspersed. A bronzed Indian chief in a watercolor squints knowingly at us from the wall. Won't you have a seat in the tattered old green armchair nestled in the other corner? I know you smell the freshly perked coffee. I made it specially for your visit. Use my favorite cup there on the tray; it's the one with red and blued balloons around the rim.

Stay as long as you wish, but when you're ready to leave, be sure to close the door behind you. I like the peaceful security of this, my own little world.

Sample Analysis

? This is a simple, but vivid and beautiful essay. The message is very clear.

? It is notable that the description starts with the door and ends with the door, making the

whole essay a compact and consistent unity. ? The description goes on largely by an order of space.

? The writer firstly gives the visitor a general impression, or more exactly a mood, of the

study.

? In the paragraph that follows, the description turns to smaller and specific objects. ? Then, the observation goes sideways to the bookcases, the watercolor painting on the

wall, the armchair in the corner, and the cup on the tray. That is a natural order and movement of observation.

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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5

? It is equally noteworthy that he makes a general comment on the study in the concluding

paragraph: a peaceful security and his little world.

Practice Write a

description essay on the following topic: The Mona Lisa.

（ Sample:

The Mona Lisa is perhaps Leonardo DaVinci's most famous of paintings. It is an oil painting, painted on poplar wood. The painting is most famous for the smile of the woman, which people have been trying to decipher for a long time. Many believe that the portrait is that of DaVinci himself, while many also place a lot mystic connections with this painting.

The portrait depicts a woman's bust, with a distant landscape that is visible in the backdrop. Leonardo used a pyramid design to install the woman in a simple and calm manner within the painting. The woman is shown with her hands folded, with her breast, neck, and face painted the same color as her hands. The light is diffused so that the various curves and geometrical shapes on the painting are made visible through it.

Perhaps the most interesting thing about the painting is the woman's smile. Many believe that it is innocent and inviting, while others believe it is that of smugness and is a smirk. Many scientific studies have been undertaken to determine the exact nature of the smile and the real reason remains a mystery. It is believed that every person sees the smile differently because of the changes in the lighting that Leonardo presented.

The woman is shown seated in an open area, and behind her is a vast landscape, which recedes to an icy mountain. Some winding paths and a far away bridge is also perceptible in the background.

The painting is an amazing one and one should definitely take a look at it in order to appreciate its full beauty. The painting is currently on display at the Musee du Louvre, in Paris.

Section Five Further Enhancement

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英专综合教程3 （第2版）电子教案 Unit 5

I. A Lead-in Question

Do doctors have “license to lie”, for the sake of their patients? Tip: justifiable, well-intentioned Questions for Discussion

1. According to the author, in what line of work is honesty sacrificed for “greater needs”? 2. What, according to some doctors, is the fundamental principle of the medical profession? 3. What are the negative effects of “benevolent deception” on patients?

4. How will the medical profession and its staff be affected by “benevolent deception”?

5. If you were a patient, would you like to know the truth that you would have only a few

months to live? And if you were a doctor, how would you break the news to your patient?

Reference Answers

1. In medicine, law, politics, journalism, etc., deception is practiced for ??greater needs”. 2. “As far as possible do no harm.”

3. The patients may feel betrayed, and their autonomy intruded. And they cannot make

informed decisions about their health and life; and it can also prolong recovery and affect treatment.

4. “Benevolent deception” may cause the erosion of integrity of the medical profession and

affect those that do not tell lies to their patients. It may even induce law suits and the endless process of litigation. 5. Open question.

III. Memorable Quotes

“While all deception requires secrecy, all secrecy is not meant to deceive.”

— Sissela Bok

Questions for Discussion

If a lie is defined as “something that you say or write that is not true and that you know is not true”, then is the art of story-telling or writing novels a form of lying? Or should we simply call them “imaginative”?

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