Hydrogen [‘haidr?d??n] n.氢 Helium [‘hi:lj?m] n.〈化〉氦 Lithium[‘liθi?m] n.锂 Beryllium [b?’rilj?m] n.铍(Be) Boron[‘b?:r?n] n. 硼 Carbon [‘kɑ:b?n] n. 碳 Diamonds are pure carbon. 钻石是纯净的碳。 Nitrogen 氮 Oxygen 氧 Fluorine [‘flu?ri:n] 氟 Neon [ni:?n] n. 〈化〉氖 Sodium[‘s?udi?m] n.钠 Magnesium[m?ɡ’ni:zj?m] n.镁 Aluminum [,?lju:-‘minj?m]n. 铝 Silicon [‘silik?n] n. 硅 Phosphorus [‘f?sf?r?s] n. 磷 Sulfur [‘s?lf?] n.硫磺,硫黄; vt.用硫磺处理 Chlorine[‘kl?:ri:n]n.〈化〉氯, 氯气 Argon [‘ɑ:ɡ?n] n. 氩 Potassium[p?’t?si?m]钾 Calcium[‘k?lsi?m]钙 Scandium [‘k?ndi?m]钪(Sc) Titanium [tai’teini?m]钛 Vanadium[v?’neidi?m]钒, Chromium [‘kr?umj?m]铬 Manganese [‘m??ɡ?ni:z]锰 Iron [‘ai?n]铁 Cobalt [k?’b?:lt, ’k?ub?:lt] 钴(Co) Nickel [‘nik?l] 镍 Nickel can be used for making coins. 镍可做成钱币。 Copper [‘k?p?] 铜 Copper conducts electricity well. 铜是电的良导体。 Zinc[zi?k]锌 Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. 黄铜是铜和锌的合金。 Gallium [‘ɡ?li?m] 镓 Germanium [d??:’meini?m] 锗 Arsenic[‘ɑ:s?nik]砷;三氧化二砷;砒霜 Selenium [si’li:ni?m] 硒 Bromine [‘br?umi:n]溴 krypton [‘kript?n] 氪 ☆常用： ppm: parts per million
ppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen
1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称
(1)MgCl2 magnesium [m?ɡ’ni:zj?m] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait]
(3)KNO3 potassium[p?’t?si?m] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid
(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate
练习：
? FeBr2 ? (NH4)2SO4 ? NH4H2PO4
1
? KMnO4 ? 亚硫酸
? sulfurous acid ? H2S ? NO
2 有机物命名
? Hydrocarbon
? {Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon} ? Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)
? {Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)} ? Alcohol 醇 ? Aldehyde 醛
? Ketone [‘ki:t?un] 酮 ? Carboxylic acid 羧酸
? Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)
? {benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)
无机物中关于数字的写法
mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, deca- 一， 二， 三， 四， 五， 六， 七， 八， 九，
有机物中关于数字的写法
meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, 甲 乙 丙 丁 戊 已 hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly- 庚 辛 壬 葵 环 聚
练习 ? 甲烷 乙炔 ? 丙酮 丁醇 ? 戊烷 己烯 ? 庚醛 辛烷
? 2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇
nona-, 十
2
Lesson 1
Lithium [‘liθi?m] n.锂
Beryllium [b?’rilj?m] n.铍(Be) Sodium [‘s?udi?m] n.钠 Potassium [p?’t?si?m] 钾 Rubidium [ru:’bidi?m] 铷 Caesium [‘si:zi?m] 铯
Nucleus[‘nju:kli?s] 原子核，是nuclear的复数 Halogen[‘h?l?d??n] 卤素 general chemistry 普通化学 positive[‘p?z?tiv] ion 阳离子
orbital electron 轨道电子
effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷 atomic radius 原子半径，raddi的复数 ionic radius 离子半径 negative ion 阴离子 electron cloud 电子云
Van der Waals non-bounded radius
单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径
Lesson 2 metallic [mi’t?lik] character[‘k?rikt?] 金属特性 electropositive [I’lektr?u’p?z?tiv] a.带正电的 Ionization [‘ai?nai’zei??n] energy 电离能
carbon 碳 germanium[d??:’meini?m] 锗 tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅
sodium[‘s?udi?m] 钠 magnesium[m?ɡ’ni:zj?m] 镁 silicon [‘silik?n] 硅 chlorine [’kl?:ri:n] 氯 nonmetallic [‘n?nmi’t?lik]adj.n.非金属的，非金属 Electronegativity 电负性
Metallic oxide 金属氧化物
Metallic hydroxide [hai’dr?ksaid] 金属氢氧化物 Hydroxyl [hai‘dr?ksil] ions 氢氧根离子 insoluble[in’s?ljubl] 不溶解的 Ionic [ai‘?nik] adj. 离子的 Transition element 过渡元素
Basicity [b?’sisiti] n. 碱性，碱度 Oxyacid [,?ksi’?sid] 含氧酸 Carbonate [‘kɑ:b?neit] 碳酸盐
3
Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐
Sulphate [‘s?lfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfate Amphoteric [,?mf?’terik] adj.两性的 Acid [‘?sid] n. adj. alkali [‘?lk?lai] n.adj.
Hydration [hai’drei??n] 水合作用 Hydrolyze [‘haidr?laiz] vi. 水解 Oxysalt [‘?ksis?:lt] 含氧酸盐 Complex 络合物，复合物
句子理解 1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if supplied
with energy: M ? M+ + e. 金属是电正性的，如果供给能量，有失去电子的趋势。
2) The stronger this tendency, the more electropositive and more metallic an
element is. （元素失电子）趋势越强，其电正性和金属性越强。
3) Thus sodium and magnesium are more metallic than silicon, which in turn, is more metallic than chlorine. 因此，钠和镁的金属性比硅强，以此类推，硅的金属性比氯强。Which 引导非限定定语从句，修饰Silicon
4) Oxides, which are insoluble in water, are regarded as basic if they react with
acids to form salts. 不溶于水的氧化物，如果和酸能够反应生成盐，则认为是碱性的。
5) Weakly electropositive elements are unaffected by water and are much less
readily attacked by acids. 弱电正性的金属不与水反应，且不易与酸反应
6) Salts of strongly electropositive metals have little tendency to hydrolyze and form oxysalts. 强电正性的金属盐水解形成含氧酸盐的趋势很小。
It is + adj.+ to： It is advantageous to work at lower temperature
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
4
It is possible to do sth.
It seems advantageous to do sth. It appears useful to do sth. It proves correct to do sth. It becomes obvious to do sth. It is important to do sth.
It is clear to do sth. （明显的）
It is apparent to do sth.（显而易见的）
It is necessary (for us) to know how to convert energy from one form into another.
It is + adj. + that ? It is apparent that the difference between elements is in the structure of their atoms.
? It is important that the polymerization proceeds under nitrogen atmosphere
It is + 过去分词+ that It is + believed + that
（accepted、mentioned、proposed、found、supposed、recommended、known） e.g. It is found that oxygen plays an important role in the reaction
It is + 名词（动名词）+ that (1) It is worth noting (mentioning) that ……值得一提的是……
e.g. It is worth noting that the polymer is highly soluble inorganic solvents. (2) It is no use that
(3) It is a fact that ……事实上
It +不及物动词+ tha 1) It turns out that…… （seems、appears） 2) It follows that……由此可见…..
3) It goes without saying that…... 毫无疑问……
e.g. It goes without saying that the material does not have good stability in air.
It +系动词+ that （被动句型，See P29)
? It is considered that ……….
（understood、supposed、suggested 、noticed、preferred ） ? It is generally recognized that …… ? It can be foreseen that …… ? It must be stressed that…… ? It has been shown that ……
Lesson 3 Vocabulary Galvanize [‘ɡ?lv?naiz]vt.通电流于；电镀;镀锌于 iron[‘ai?n] 铁 Zinc [zi?k] 锌 rusting [r?sti?] n 生锈
anodic [?’n?dik] adj. 阳极的
Scratch [skr?t?] vt. & vi.擦伤，刮伤
5
相关推荐：
loading