阅读理解（三） 1、A Competitive Sport
Cheerleading
Over th e years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.
Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾运动) ability. It’s a very common thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the “fliers” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.
Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better the score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.
Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.
Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders don’t use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air and move down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.
There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even
the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach. 1.What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading? A.To compare skills of participants. B.To make the audience feel amused. C.To attract more people to watch events. D.To cheer up the competitors on the court.
2.The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”. A.examine B.combine C.identify D.replace
3.We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading ______. A.lacks necessary guidelines to follow B.enjoys greater popularity than other sports C.requires more designed actions than gymnastics D.has a relatively high rate of damage to the body
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A.
B.
C.
D.
2、 Black Friday is just a week away, an annual tradition in which holiday shoppers rush to the supermarkets and malls. Most shoppers pack stores to buy things at a discount. For some, however, shopping is less of a pastime and more of an addiction. These people have compulsive(强迫性的) shopping disorder, a condition filled with debt and regret.
While it's true that many lack money and credit management skills, what these shoppers are often looking for is a “buy high”,an emotional rush to put themselves in a better mood, found San Francisco State University researchers in 2013. These types of shoppers often hold materialistic values. When under stress, materialistic shoppers are more likely to shop compulsively. Rather than providing any social or emotional outlet(发泄出口 ),the extreme stress-induced purchases only increase anxiety and lower well-being, and materialistic shoppers already tend to have lower self-esteem than others to begin with.
In fact, it’s exactly at low moments that materialistic shoppers are most likely to shop for expensive items, and they're more likely to make those purchases on credit. This of course can create a vicious cycle, in which a materialistic shoppers with low self-esteem buys a luxury item he or she cannot afford in an effort to improve sense of self. The financial burden can cause stress and strain relationships over the issue of money, further affecting the mood of the shopper and leading to more spending to try to regain a sense of self-worth.
Symptoms of shopping addiction include constant thoughts about shopping, buying to improve the mood and inability to change behavior.
There are treatment options for those with compulsive shopping disorder, which may include medication. Other recommendations include shopping with a friend, getting rid of credit cards and above all, developing meaningful hobbies. 1.What do you learn about Black Friday? A.Many shops have special offers. B.Customers can enjoy leisure time. C.Shoppers can get free products.
D.Shoppers spend much money on useless things.
2.According to the passage, the extreme stress-induced purchases _____. A.provide an emotional outlet B.make people more anxious C.regain people’s confidence D.improve management skills
3.When are materialistic shoppers most likely to shop for expensive items? A.When they are delighted. B.When they are excited. C.When they are inspired. D.When they are depressed.
4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important treatment option? A.Taking chemical medicine. B.Shopping with a friend. C.Developing meaningful hobbies. D.Getting rid of credit cards.
3、 Is dark chocolate healthy? Yes,dark chocolate has compounds(化合物) that offer health benefits and can be enjoyed without guilt, even on a daily basis. But the amount matters, since too many bites can contribute to extra fat, sugar and calories and get rid of its health benefits. Dark chocolate is rich in cocoa, which contains compounds known as flavanols(黄烷醇). At high levels, cocoa flavanols have been shown to help lower blood pressure and the risk of diabetes.
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