不带to的不定式用法
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,它具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,因此在句子里用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、状语和表语。但在某些结构中,不定
式又往往不带to,现将有关不定式不带to的用法大致综述如下:
1.用在感觉动词see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel等后,作为宾语补足语,动词不定式不带to。如:
We often heard them sing.我们常常听到他们唱歌。
I saw her walk into the headmaster's office.我看见她走进了校长办公室。 2.用在使役动词make,let,have等后,作为宾语补足语,动词不定式不带to。如: What makes you think I'm a farmer?你怎么认为我是一个农民? Now let me hear you play.现在让我听你演奏。
I'll have my brother repair the radio for you.我要让我哥哥给你修理收音机。 注意:感觉动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,look at,listen to和使役动词let,make,have等用于被动语态时,动词不定式作为主语补足语则要带to。如: She was heard to sing in the next room.有人听到她在隔壁房间里唱歌。
3.用在 had better,had best(最好), would rather(宁愿), may/might as well (最好), cannot but (不得不, 必然, 不能不), can not help but (不得不) , can not choose but (不得不,只好), 等结构后,词不定式不带to。如: I'd better go and look for him.我最好现在就去找他。 You'd best get there before lunch.你最好午饭前到达那儿。 We would rather wait till tomorrow.我们宁愿等到明天。
4.两个或两个以上句法功能相同的动词不定式并列使用时,通常只是第一个动词不定式带to,后面的动词不定式则不带to。如:
So he decided to go and get some medicine for his cough.因此他决定去买点咳嗽药。
They began to read and write.他们开始读和写。
5.用在“Will you please+动词不定式”一类表示邀请或命令的句型中,动词不定式不带to。如:
Will you please bring me some chicken?请你给我带点鸡肉来好吗?
Will you please ask her to call me tomorrow?请你让她明天给我打个电话好吗? 6.用在由“Why…”或“Why not…”一类表示建议的句型中,动词不定式不带to。如: Why not join us?(=Why won't you join us?)为什么不加入到我们当中来呢? Why spend so much money?为什么花这么多钱呢?
7.用在助动词will,shall,would,do和情态动词can,may,must,need,dare等后,动词不定式不带to。如:
I can sing in English.我会用英语唱。
I think it'll fit me quite well before long.我想这(件大衣) 很快就会合身的。 Unfair!How dare you say that?不公平!你怎么敢这么说?
注意:ought to,have to中的to不能少。dare和need用作实义动词时,它后面的动词不定式要带to。如:
The girl doesn't dare to swim in the river.这女孩不敢在河里游泳。
8.用在动词help后作为宾语补足语,动词不定式既可以带to,也可以不带to。如: Will you help me repair my bike?请你帮我修理一下自行车好吗? Li Ping often helps me(to)do my lessons.李平经常帮助我做功课。
9.用在do anything(nothing,everything)but或except一类结构后,动词不定式不带to。如:
Can't you do anything but ask silly questions?难道你只会提些愚蠢的问题吗? There is nothing to do except wait until the rain stops.除了静候雨停之外别无办法。 9)在make do(make do with v.设法应付; make do without在没有...的情况下, 设法应付过去), make believe (假装, 假扮), let drop(使跌下, 丢下), let fall (放下(吊桥等) ,使(帷幕)落下) , let fly (v.发射, 猛烈, 攻击), let slip(v.放走, 松开, 错过, 无意中说出), let drive at (,v.对准打),let go of (释放, 放开), leave go of(v.松手)等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。例如:
They let go of the rope。他们松开了绳子。
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me。约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。
10)当What one does/did ;The first thing one should do 等含有实意动词do的结构在句中做主语,且表语是动词不定式时,to常省略。
Eg. John was short of money then, so what he did was sell his house to pay off the debts.
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