不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则 If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now. 要是他听了我的话，现在就不会有麻烦了。 If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. 要是他昨天告诉我了，我就知道现在做什么了。 混合虚拟条件句 If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加他的生日聚会了。 虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则 He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. 他本来能通过考试的，但他不够细心。 You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. 你应该早一点来的，汽车刚走一会儿。 but for+名词表示虚拟条件 —But for your timely warning, we ______into great trouble. —You know we’re friends. A. would get B. must have got C. would have got D. can’t have got 【解析】句意：要不是你及时的提醒，我们肯定陷入麻烦了。 【答案】B。 without+名词表示虚拟条件 其它方式表示的 虚拟条件 Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold. 如果没有空气来吸纳太阳的部分热量，地球在夜里就会非常寒冷。 动词不定式表示虚拟条件 It would be only partly right to follow in this way.如果这样做，仅仅对了一半。 现在分词表示虚拟条件 Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident. 要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。 过去分词表示虚拟条件 Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。 5
副词otherwise表示虚拟条件 I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I would have called you. 我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。 连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件 He _____fatter but he eats too little. A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become 【解析】从后句“但是他吃得太少”来看，隐含着虚拟即：如果他吃得多点，就会胖些了。 【答案】A。 suggest, order, propose, request, require, demand, advise, insist, urge+ 宾语从句(should )do It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+ that从句(should) do My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+ is +表语从句(should)do The suggestion/advice/request/requirement…+ 同位语从句(should )do+ is… It is natural/necessary/strange +that从句 (should) do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。 名词性从句中特别句式 中的虚拟语气 的虚拟语气 wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反) wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反) wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反) It is (high) time +that 从句(did或should do ) It is (high) time that we went/should go home. 我们真该回家了。 注意：当suggest表示暗示，insist表示坚持观点，事实时，后接的宾语从句应当用 陈述语气。 His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision. 他的沉默说明了他同意我的决定。 He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health. 他坚持认为做早操对人的身体有益。 would I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你现在呆在家里。 rather + I would rather you hadn’t told her the news.我宁愿你没有把这个消息告诉她。 句子 6
If my grandmother were with me! If only 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世了。) + 从句 If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。) If only he would come tomorrow!要是他明天能来该多好啊！ 与现在事实相反：He talks as if he knew where she was. as if/as 与过去事实相反：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. though引导的状语从句 与将来事实相反：He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 注意：“as if/as though”引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气：当说话者认为所述 的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时： It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他似乎是喝醉了。 （一）情态动词
▲can表示“能力；可能性；能够”
①The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they . A. can
B. may C. must
D. should
【解析】答案为A。can可以，能够；may可能，许可；must必须；should应该。根据句意，选A项。
句意：警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。
②One of the few things you ___ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.
A. need B. must C. should
D. can
【解析】答案为D。关于英国人你可以肯定的一点是他们谈论很多的天气。用can表示可以，能够，所
以正确答案为D项。不能选C，should是表示责任和义务的。
▲may表示“也许，可能”
①Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they just be quiet people. A. must
B. may C. should
D. would
【解析】答案为B。前半句为“有些人不喜欢讲很多话未必就是因为害羞,”后半句应该为”他们也许
是比较安静的人。”
②— I take the book out? —I'm afraid not.
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A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need
【解析】答案为B。表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may。句意：“我可以将
这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。
③—May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t
B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【解析】答案为D。英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答要用can或may
来代替could或might，而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustn’t，故本题选D项。
▲should表示“应该；按理应该”
—I don’t care what people think. —Well, you _______ A. could
B. would C. should D. might
【解析】答案为C。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人
提建议，所以答案为C项。
▲shall表示“征询对方意见；在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告表示法律法规条文的规定”
—Will you read me a story ,Mummy?
—OK. You________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
【解析】答案为D。句意：“妈妈，可以读一个故事给我听吗？”“好的，如果你马上上床睡觉的话。”
shall 用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，题中是母亲对儿子的承诺，故选D项。
▲must表示“主观意愿”意为：“一定要”；表示“命令或要求”意为“必须、一定”
I have told you the truth. I keep repeating it? A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Will
【解析】答案为A。must必须,一定，can可以,能够， may也许，will意愿,倾向性动作。前半句说我告
诉你事实了，这里用的是现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响,既然我已经说了,我还必须重复一遍吗？
▲have to表示“客观”上的“不得不”
①You_________ buy a gift , but you can if you want to. A. must
B. mustn’t
C. have to
D. don’t have to
【解析】答案为D。don’t have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想
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