15. the rules at your school 学校的规章制度16. have to 不得不；必须17. after school 放学后 18. go out on school nights 在学校行课日（有课）的晚上外出
19. too many rules太多规矩20. every morning 每天早上21. be in bed 睡觉 22. by ten o’clock/10:00 在十点钟之前23. wash my clothes 洗我的衣服
24. make dinner 做晚餐25. the Children’s Palace 少年宫26. learn the piano 学钢琴 27. never have any fun 从未有任何乐趣；从来都不开心28. go to bed去睡觉
29. talk loudly 大声地说话30. ride one’s bike 骑某人的自行车31. wear a helmet戴着头盔（防护帽）
*32. so many 很多；如此多的*33. hang out with sb. 和某人一起闲逛 Ⅱ、Sentences:
1. What else do you have to do? 你还要干别的什么事？
2. Later I have to go to the Children’s Palace to learn the piano.然后（稍后）我必须去少年宫学
钢琴。
3. No talking! 不许讲话！ 4. You’re lucky! 你好幸运啊！ Ⅰ、Useful expressions:
1. in my wallet 在我的钱包里2. wear a uniform to school 穿着一身校服
3. the hallway in my school 我们学校的走廊（过道4. go to Shanghai with my family 和我的家人一起去上海
5. last vacation 上次假期6. order food 订餐*7. teach geography 教地理 *8. the tall man with glasses 戴眼镜的高个儿男人*9. just right 正好 Ⅱ、Sentences:
1. There is snow on the mountains. 在大山里有雪。She is short with curly hair. 她留着短短的卷
发。
2. I went to the movies a lot. 我多次去看电影。Describe people’s looks. 描述人们的相貌。 3. Give opinions about things I like or dislike.给出我喜欢或不喜欢某事（物）的看法 *6. That’s right. 对了；是的。 一．短语．
1. in class 在课上 2. on school nights 在上学的晚上 3. school rules 校规 4. no talking 禁止交谈 5. listen to music 听音乐 6. have to 不得不
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7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步 8. eat outside 在外面吃饭9. in the hallway 在走廊上 10. wear a uniform 穿制服 11. arrive late for class 上学迟到 17. be in bed
在
床
上
12. after school 放学后
练
习
弹
吉
它
13. practice the guitar
14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里16. by ten o'clock.
十
点
之
前
15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面 18. the Children's Palace
少
年
宫
19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭 1Can we ……? Yes ,we can . No, we can’t.
Eg:Can we arrive late for class ? No, we can’t. We can’t arrive late for class. 18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don’t. 三． 重难点解析：
1. 情态动词have to 的用法，意思是\必须、不得不\，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。（1）结构：主语＋have to＋动词原形＋其他
（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to；句子是过去时，用had to.）如： We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上，我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5点起床。 （2）否定形式：主语＋don't have to＋动词原形＋其他
（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时，用didn't have to） 如
：
Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform.
尼
克
不
必
穿
制
服
。
We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。 （3）疑问句：Do （Does或Did）＋主语＋have to ＋动词原形＋其他
如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗？Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
是的，我必须。不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚，他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗？ 2. 情态动词can的用法
（1）表示能力，\会\能\（在第一册中已经学习这种用法）
Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗？Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。
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（2）表示允许、许可，\可以\、\能\（在这一课中新学的词义）
Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗？
注意 同样是情态动词，can 和have to 的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中，直接在can后加上not，在疑问句中，把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。
3. hear，listen和sound都有\听\的意思，但三者是有区别的。 （1）hear\听说\，侧重于\听\的内容
I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了，我很难过。
I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。 （2）listen\听\侧重于\听\这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。 The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。
（3）sound\听起来\，它是系动词，后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。 It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。
４. be in bed \在床上、卧床\和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。
He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。
５. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近，\迟到\（be）late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived （was）late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。
６. No talking ! \禁止交谈！\后面加上名词或动名词（doing）也表示不要做某事。与don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞！ No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物！No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸烟！ 7．语法（祈使句）
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，这类句子的主语常是第二人称you，也就是听话者，因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。 如：Look out! 小心！Wait here for me! 在这等我！ Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里！
祈使句的否定形式多以do not（常缩写成don't）开头，再加上动词原形。 Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。
Don't fight! 别打架！ Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。
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新目标八年级英语上册第一单元复习
I. 应掌握的词组：
1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after=take care of 照顾 3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 7. exercise=take (much) exercise
=do sports锻炼 8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动 10. the same as 与什么相同 11. once a month一月一次 12. be different from 不同 13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响 15. how often 多久一次 16. although=though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
大多数学生 18. shop=go shopping
=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查 21. do homework做家庭作业 22. do house work做家务事 23. eat less meat吃更少的肉 24. junk food垃圾食物 25. be good for 对什么有益 26. be bad for对什么有害 27. want to do sth 想做某事 28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事 29. try to do sth 尽量做某事 30. come home from school放学回家 31. of course=certainly=sure当然 32. get good grades取得好成绩 33. some advice
34. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
=help sb with sth 35. a lot of vegetables
=many vegetables许多蔬菜 36. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不 37. keep/be in good health保持健康
II. 应掌握的句子：
1.
How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month ,
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three times a month , three or four times a month 等。 翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。”
(―How often do you go to the factory?‖ ―Twice a week. ‖) “他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”
(―How often do they have a dancing party?‖ ―Usually, once every other week.‖) “他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。”
(―How often does he go shopping?‖ ―He goes shopping once a month.‖) 2. ―What do you usually do on weekends?‖ ― I usually play soccer.‖
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。 翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.
What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking. 3. ―What’s your favorite program?‖ ―It’s Animal World.‖
“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是―至于；关于‖，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的 -ing形式（即动名词）。如：
As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。 翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。
(As for myself, I don’t want to go now. )
至于那个人，我什么都不知道。
(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
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