15. compound noun Chapter Three
1. Linguists define the word as the smallest ______found in language. 2. Morpheme is the_______________ that carries information about meaning or function.
3. The root consistutes the _____ of the word and carries the major components of its meaning .
4. Morpheme are usually ______: there is no nature connection between their sound and meaning.
5. When _______ are conjoined to other morpheme （or words）, a new words are derived , or formed.
6. Derivation is an _______ that form a word with meaning and category distinct from that of its bases.
7. Unlike phonemes and syllables which are the elements of sound , words_______.
8. ______ are the foundation building blocks of a language .
9. Linguists use the term morphology to refer to the part of the grammer that is concerned with ______ and ________.
10. The content words of language , such as ____,_____,_____and adverbs, are sometimes called open class words.
11. Affixes______ belong to a lexical category and are always bound morpheme.
12. Bound morphemes which are for the most part purely grammatical makers and signify such concepts as tense, number, case are called_________.
13. _______, ________ and free morphemes combine are the major ways to produce new words.
14. The ways word are formed are called _______.
15. When two words are in the same _______, the compound will be in this category. 答案： 1. free form
2. smallest unit of language 3. core 4. arbitrary
5. derivational morphemes 6. affixational process 7. carry meaning 8. words
9. word formation; word structure 10. nouns; verbs; adjectives 11. do not
12. inflectional morphemes 13. derivation; compounds
14. morphological rules 15. grammatical category
Chapter four
1.To determine a word's category，three criteria are usually employed: , , . 2. The XP rule is .
3.Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the rules that . 4.The S rule is
5.The first, formed by the in accordance with the subcategorization properties, is called deep structure. 6.questions begin with a wh- word are called .
7.Corresponding to the final syntactic form of sentence which results from appropriate transformations , is called . 8.If the head is a verb, then the specifier is . 9.Word
level
categories
are
divided
into
two
kinds:
and .
10.Syntactic units that are built around a certain word category are called .
11. The structures which formed by joining two or more elements of the some type with the help of a conjunction are .
12.The information about is included in the head and termed subcategorization.
13.The element which specifies optionally expressible properties of hand is .
14.A special type of rule that can move an element from one position to another is .
15.The construction in which the complement phrases is embedded is called . 答案
1. meaning，inflection, distribution 2. XP→(specifier)X(complement) 3. govern the formation of sentences 4. S→NP VP 5. XP rule , head’s 6. questions 7. suffice structure 8. qualifier
9. major lexical categories , minor lexical categories 10. phrases
11. coordinate structures 12. a word’s complement
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