定语从句专练
定语从句（Attributive Clause) 用作定语的从句叫定语从句， 相关术语：
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词
关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose)和关系副词（when, where, why)。关系代词在从句中做主语、宾语、定语等。关系副词只能在从句中做状语。
I like music that / which I can dance to. 先行词 关系代词
一、如何确定关系代词 当先行词指人时用who, 当先行词指物时用which; that 既可指人，也可指物
I’m looking at the photos (that / which) you sent me with your letter. (做宾语，可省略)
Lang Zheng is the three-year-old boy who saluted to the soldiers in the 5·12 earthquake. (做主语，不可省略)
用本课所学知识完成下列句子。（用who, that或which 填空）
1. Do you know the boy_______ is playing football on the playground?
2. Premier Wen Jiabao is such a kind of person _________ is welcomed by all the Chinese people.
3.This is my favorite book_________ my father bought for me. 4. Yao Ming is a famous basketball star ____ played in the NBA. 5.I hate those________ laugh at others when others make mistakes. 6.I want to have a house________ has big windows.
whom引导定语从句,指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略。
That's the girl (whom) I teach. 那就是我教的女孩。
The young lady （whom ）we met yesterday is from Canada. (做宾语，可省略)
whose引导定语从句,通常指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。 I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。
I like the person whose hair is neat and beautiful. 我喜欢头发干净整洁的人。
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二、定语从句中谓语动词的数
关系代词用作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上须和先行词保持一致。 如： This is one of the most popular books that are sold in the bookstore. This is the person who has three children. 三、定语从句中介词的位置
关系代词作介词的宾语时， 介词不能放在that, who的前面， 只能放在从句中有关动词的后面或which, whom 的前面。 如：
The town (that / which) she lives in is very far away. = The town in which she lives is very far away
I dislike the school to which he belongs.我不喜欢他所在的那所学校。
? 引导定语从句的关系代词前有时有介词,这类从句中的介词放在从句的末尾时关系代词可以省略。
The man (whom) we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.我们寄给他礼物的那个人是位法学博士。
He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.他娶了妻并和她生了两个女儿。 Water is the natural medium in which most fish live.水是大多数鱼类生活的自然环境 但如果动词和介词是固定短语时，介词不能提前。 He is the thief that the police is looking for.
四、关系副词的用法 ?
? ?
why可引导定语从句,表示原因,常用在先行词reason后面。
We don't know the reason why they have broken up with each other.我们不知道他们的关系为何破裂。
where可引导定语从句,表示地点,其先行词往往是表示地点的名词
It was found at the correct spot where he had left it.那东西正好在他遗落的地点找到了。
? how可引导定语从句,表示方法,常用在先行词way后面。
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This is the way how he always treats me. 他一贯就是这样对待我的。 That's the way how I learn English.那就是我学英语的方法。 区别： This is the place where I live This is the place which I live in
This is the time (that) we spent together
I often remind of the day when we played together.
用适当的关系代词或副词填空
1、I don’t know the reason _____ she didn’t agree with us.
2、Yesterday I met Dr.Li ______ told me the good news of my report.
3、I began to work here in the year _______ Olympic Games was holded in China.
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when可引导定语从句,表示时间,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。
This is the hour when the place is full of people.这种时候这地方到处都是人。
? ?
? ? ? ?
? 4、The child ______parents died in the air accident is now living with her uncle. 5、This place _____you are standing was the old church. 简单句变复合句
I like the music. The music is gentle. 用于说明上句中的music，做定语，它所在的句子是定语从句 选先行词which/that，引导后句。 I like the music that is gentle.
将下列两句话合成一个含有定语从句的复合句 ? The nurse is very kind. She looks after my sister. The nurse who looks after my sister is very kind. ? The train started at 4:50 . Li Ming missed it. The train which/that Li Ming missed started at 4:50.
仅作了解：
? 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的修饰成分,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,与主句之间不能用逗号分开。
? We have worked out a scheme which should save the company several thousand pounds a year. 我们设计出一个一年可为公司节省几千英镑的计划。
The custom dates from the times when men wore swords.该习俗始于人类佩带刀剑的时代。
? 非限制性定语从句与主句关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。
? Don't indulge in wild talk, which leads nowhere.别漫无边际地空谈了,那不会有什么结果的。
When she lost her temper, which was seldom, she wouldn't touch any food for a long time.她不常发脾气,但是一旦她发脾气就长时间不吃任何东西。
She decided to leave that city, where the very air was charged with hate.她决意离开那座城市,那里连空气都充满着憎恨。
五、that和which的用法区别： ? that和which一般可换用。
? This is the book which/that you asked for.这是你要的书。 ? 当先行词为不定代词,如
anything,nothing,everything,all,any,little,few,none,much,one等时用that。 ? I haven't done anything that should upset you.我未做任何惹你生气的事。
There occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。 Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
? 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时用that。
? The first thing that struck me was the numerous charts that covered the walls.首先给我留下深刻印象的是墙上有大量图表。
The third tree that I planted was cut down by someone again.我种下的第三棵树又被人砍倒了
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The worst matter that I am afraid of happened in the end.我担心的最糟的事情终于发生了。
It was the largest map that I ever saw.那是我所看见过的最大的地图。 ? 当先行词被all,any,every,each,few,no,some等词修饰时,关系代词用that。
? All the presents that your friends give you on your birthday should be put away.你生日那天你的朋友送给你的礼物都必须收好。
I have some things that I must do today.我有一些今天必须做的工作。 There is every chance that she will succeed.她完全有机会取得成功。 I have no money that I can spare.我没有多余的钱。
? 当先行词被the very,the only,the same,the last修饰时,关系代词用that。
? This is the very book that I have been looking for.这是我一直寻找的那本书。 She is the very person that I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。
He is the only one of us that knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。
That's the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.这个人与前天求援的是同一个人。
She was the last person that came back.她是最后一个回来的人。 ? 当先行词中既有人又有物时,关系代词用that。
We talked about the persons and things that we remembered in school.我们谈到了我们还记得的学校中的人和事。
? 当主句是由who或which开头的疑问句时,关系代词用that。
? Which of the books that you bought yesterday was written by Bacon?你昨天买的哪本书是培根写的？
? 引导非限制性定语从句用which,不用that。
? He proudly pointed out the biggest sheep, which already weighed 150 kilograms.他骄傲地把最大的一只羊指给我们看,它已经有150千克重了。
The women never drink in this manner, which is absolutely special to men.妇女从来不用这种方式喝酒,这完完全全是男人喝酒的方式。 ? 介词之后须用which。
? I dislike the school to which he belongs.我不喜欢他所在的那所学校。
If you run back over the season, you can't pick out a game in which he played badly.如果你回顾一下那个赛季,你找不出他哪一场打得不好。
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