江苏省南京市中华中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末检测
英语试题
一、阅读选择
Greenland is the biggest island in the world. And the ice sheet that sits atop it is massive. “The pile of ice being so thick, it extends more than 10, 000 feet above the ocean. And if all that ice were to melt and go into the ocean, global sea levels would rise by 24 feet everywhere around the world,” said Jason Briner, a geologist at the University at Buffalo. The ice sheet is melting, of course. But just how much, compared to the past?
Briner’s team did a computer simulation（模拟)of the southwest of the Greenland ice sheet, which he says is a good proxy for ice melt across the entire ice sheet. The researchers plugged past climate data into that model to “hindcast”, rather than forecast, the past activity of the ice sheet. They then checked the model’s predictions of the past shape and size of the ice sheet by looking at piles of rocks and dirt on Greenland today, which outline the edges of ancient ice. And the simulation was in good agreement with the actual situation.
Using that reconstruction of the ice sheet over time, the team could compare the ice sheet’s historic losses to those happening today under human-caused global warming. And they determined that Greenland is on track to lose more ice this century than during any century in the past 12, 000 years — possibly four times as much. The results appear in the journal Nature.
Ultimately it’s up to us how much ice actually melts. “Humanity has the button — the carbon button — and that button is going to influence the rates of ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet.” If the world goes net carbon zero by 2100, for example, Briner says ice loss could stop, entirely at the end of the century, according to one model. “That was what kept me from being completely depressed about our study. ” Dozens of countries have already announced goals to go net carbon zero by the middle of this century — so far the U. S. is not one of them.
1．What does the underlined word “proxy” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Combination. C．Recommendation.
B．Example. D．Interpretation.
2．What do we learn from the computer simulation done by Briner’s team? A．It is conducted by predicting the activity of the ice sheet. B．It centers on ice melt throughout the entire ice sheet.
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C．It shows the ice sheet’s losses are in decline. D．It consists with the ice sheet’s actual circumstance. 3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Greenland Is Melting Faster B．Global Sea Levels Are Rising C．America Causes the Ice Sheet to Melt D．Man Can Conquer Nature 【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．A 【分析】
这是一篇说明文。讲述了一项研究：纽约州立大学水牛城分校的地质学家布里纳的团队通过对格陵兰冰原西南部进行了一次计算机模拟发现，格陵兰岛在本世纪将失去的冰比 过去12000年的任何一个世纪都要多，可能是过去的四倍。说明了格陵兰正在加速融化。1．
词句猜测题。根据上文中“Briner’s team did a computer simulation(模拟)of the southwest of the Greenland ice sheet, ”（Briner的团队做了一个格陵兰冰原冰盖西南部的计算机模拟），可以推测,划线部分所在句子是指“这是对整个冰盖融化的一个很好的诠释/解释”，划线词与选项D Interpretation.“解释”意思相近。故选D。 2．
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“And the simulation was in good agreement with the actual situation.”（仿真结果与实际情况吻合较好。）可知，这与冰原的实际情况相符，故选D。 3．
主旨大意题。结合文章第二段中“Briner’s team did a computer simulation（模拟）of the southwest of the Greenland ice sheet, which he says is a good proxy for ice melt across the entire ice sheet. ”（布里纳的团队做了一个格陵兰冰原冰盖西南部的计算机模拟，他说这是整个冰盖融化的很好的诠释。）及第二段最后一句“And the simulation was in good agreement with the actual situation.”（模拟结果与实际情况吻合）；第三段中“And they determined that Greenland is on track to lose more ice this century than during any century in
试卷第!异常的公式结尾页，总24页
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the past 12, 000 years — possibly four times as much.”（他们断定格陵兰岛在本世纪将失去的冰比过去12000年的任何一个世纪都要多，可能是过去的四倍。）可知，全文说明了格陵兰岛的冰正在加速融化。因此推断A项“格陵兰地的冰融化速度更快了”为最佳标题，概括了文章大意。故选A。
Portraits as Art
According to a dictionary, portraiture is “a representation (描绘) of a person, especially of the face by drawing or painting a likeness.” However, this definition neglects the complexities of portraiture. Portraits are works of art that engage with ideas of identity rather than just a likeness. These concepts of identity involve social rank, gender, age, profession, character of the subject, etc. It is impossible to copy all the aspects of identity. Therefore, portraits reflect only certain qualities of subjects. Portrait art has also undergone significant shifts in artistic practice. The majority of portraits are the outcome of current artistic fashions and favored styles. Therefore, portrait art is an art category providing various engagement with social, psychological, and artistic practices and expectations.
Since portraits are different from other art categories, they are worthy of separate study. During their production, portraits require the presence of a specific person, or an image of the individual. In many instances, the production of portraiture has required sittings, which result in interaction between the subject(s) and the artist throughout the creation of the work. In certain instances, portrait artists depended on a combination of different involvement with their subjects. If the sitter can’t sit in the studio regularly, portraitists could use his or her photographs. In Europe, during the seventeenth and eighteenth century, the sitting time was sometimes decreased by focusing only on the head. Theoretically, portraitists could work from impressions or memories when creating a painting, but this rarely occurred according to documented records. Nonetheless, whether the work is based on model sittings, copying a photograph, or using memory, the process of painting a portrait is linked with the model’s attendance.
Furthermore, portrait painting can be distinguished from other artistic categories by its connection with appearance, or likeness. As such, the art of portrait painting got a reputation for imitation instead of for artistic innovation. Based on Renaissance art theory, portraiture was related to the level of a mechanical exercise as opposed to a fine art. Michelangelo’s well-known protest against portraits is only one example. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the attitude to portraiture was critical. Even so, artists from around the globe
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