Unit 1 Wise men in history(1)
第一课 基础知识点 一、★ 必记单词
golden adj. 金的；金色的 Olympics n. [pl.]奥运会 agreement n. 同意；应允 pot n. 罐
doubt v. 不能肯定；对……没把握 real adj. 真的；正宗的 truth n. 真相；实情 seem v. 好像；似乎 solve v. 解决；处理 fill v. 装满；注满 bowl n. 碗；盆 brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 metal n. 金属 certain adj. 确定的；肯定的 prison n. 监狱；牢狱 hit v. (hit，hit)(用手或器具)击；打 correct adj. 准确无误的；正确的 mistake n. 错误 less det.（与不可数名词连用）较少的；更少的 二、★ 常考短语
in ancient Greece 在古希腊
(be) happy with （对某人或事物）满意的 = be pleased/satisfied with fill…with… 用……把……装满 think about = consider 考虑；思考 be filled with=be full of 充满；装满 run over 溢出 go straight to “直奔，直接去……” each other 互相；彼此
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物 one…the other… 一个…另一个… send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱 tell the truth 说实话 make sure 确保；设法保证 something else 别的东西 both…and… ……和……都…… pay attention to (to为介词） leave sb alone 不打扰某人；不惊动某人 （leave me alone）
not…any longer=no longer send sth to sb-=send 把某物寄/送给某人 be made of +看得见的原材料 由……制成 cut ……up 切割开；切碎
be made from +看不见的原材料 由……制成 take……off 领走；带走；使……离开 be made by + sb. 被某人制成 at the beginning of 在……的开头 三、常用句型：
…as one can 尽可能，相当于as……as possible
sb. in/on +the +身体部位，打某人的某个部位（身体部位较硬或凸起，用on；部位较软或下凹，用in）
of the+adj最高级+可数名词复数 最……的……之一
to do sth.试图做某事，尽力做某事 is believed that …… 6. be （not）allowed to do sth （不）被允许做某事
……to do sth 让/使……做某事 to do sth 开始做某事 四、辨析
1.辨析：win与beat Win及物动词 宾语表示比赛、奖品、战争、荣誉等He won the argument. 名词 意为“获胜” Who wonhe won. （won,w on） Beat(beat,beaten) 不及物动词 及物动词 不及物动词 意为“击败”宾语为比赛或竞争对象 China beat the United States by two to one. 意为“（风雨）等拍打；（心脏）跳动” I felt my heart beating faster. 2.辨析：else与other else 副词 用于不定代词（anything,something,nothing等）、疑问词（what，who,where）后 other 形容词或代词 做形容词时，放在名词前作定语；作代词时，常与定冠词the连用，构成one…the other，表示（两者中）一个……另外一个 Eg:who else will go with us Where are the other students I have two pens,one is red,and the other is blue. 3.辨析：discover与invent
这两个词都用作及物动词，都指人们首先见到新鲜事物，但含义不同。 discover 发现 invent 发明 指发现或偶然发现原本存在的，但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西 指创造发明出新的、原来并不存在的东西 Recently they discovered gold. 最近他们发现了黄金。
Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 4.辨析：at first与first of all at first first of all 起初；当初 相当于at the beginning，与后来发生的事相对照，其反义词组为at last（最后，终于） 相当于first，表示顺序，是时间上或一系列行动的开始，后面往往接next，then等 首先，第一 At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind. 起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。
First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance.
首先，打开窗子，然后关掉煤气，如果需要，叫一辆救护车。 5.辨析：however与but
二者都有“然而，但是”的意思，其区别如下： however 然而；比较正式，可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾；其前面或后面要用逗号隔开，不过 but 但是 如在句中，其前后都要加逗号。 转折的意味比however要强，从语序上看，but总是置于引出的分句之首。 It's raining hard,however,they're still working in the field. 雨下得很大，然而他们仍然在地里干活。
I'd like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now. 我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我现在必须整理花园。 6.辨析：real与true real true 强调客观存在，并非想象的或虚构的，即某Christmas Father isn't a real person. 物外表与实质之间有一致性 圣诞老人不是真实的人物。 强调事实与实际情况相符，并非杜撰、捏造Is it true that he is dead 他死了，是真的，符合一定标准、一定模式 的吗 7..辨析：be made of与 be made from be made of 看得出原材料 The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头做成的 The wine is made from grain. 这酒是用粮食酿造的。 be made from 看不出原材料 【中考﹒链接】
Books are made paper while paper is mainly made_____ wood. A. of;of B. from;from C. of;from D. from;of 8.辨析：not……any longer/no longer 与 not …any more/no more
not……any longer/no longer:多指时间上不再延续，与之搭配的词多为延续性动词。 not …any more/no more 侧重程度或在数量上不再增加 I don’t want to stay here any more.
The poor boy won’t come any more./the poor boy will no more come. 9.辨析：see sb doing sth与see sb do sth see sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事 I saw her cross the road.(穿过了马路） see sb do sth 看到某人做了某事，指看到动作发I saw her crossing the road(正在过 生的全过程或看到动作经常发生 马路） 与此相同的词（组）：watch,hear,notice,observe,look at,listen to 10.辨析：the next day与next day
the next day 第二天，常与一般过去式连用 The next day,all the books were sold out. next day 明天，常与一般将来时连用 Next day,I will go shopping with him. 11. 辨析：dress，wear,put on,have on 与in dress wear put on have on 给（某人）穿衣服 穿着 穿上 穿着 表动作 后接sb./oneself作宾语she dressed himself quickly. 表状态 后接衣服、首饰、鞋帽等名词we wear uniforms at school. 表动作 后接衣服,鞋帽等名词please put on your hat. 表状态 接衣服类名词，宾语是代词时，放中间，不用进行时I have on a pair of jeans today. in 穿着 表状态 后接表颜色或衣服的名词he’s always in green shoes. 助记：穿戴动作put on，状态wear已穿上;dress接人作宾语,in 后颜色或衣裳 12.辨析：used to do sth,be used to do sth,与be used to doing sth Used to do sth. Be used to do sth 过去常常做某事 I used to be afraid of the dark. 被用来做某事 The room is used to have a meeting You will soon be/get used to living in the city. be /get used to doing 习惯于做某事 sth 13.辨析：through over across Through 穿过；通过 指从空间内部穿过 The train passed through a tunnel. over across 越过 穿过；横过 物体上方跨过，无接触面 He jumped over the wall. 物体表面的一边到另一边 We went across the road. 14.辨析：find find out look for find Find out 强调“是否找到”这一结果 （找出，查明）经过一番努力找到事情的真相 Have you found your bjike let's find out when the plane will take off Look for
★ 解析：
后接寻找的对象，强调寻找这一过程 The girl is looking for her book. 1. At first, he was very happy with it.
be happy with sb./sth 意为“对某人或事物满意的”，
=be pleased/satisfied with sb./sth
His teacher is happy with him. 他的老师对他很满意。 She is happy with what I've done. 她对我做的很满意。
2. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown. (1) begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，同义词组为begin doing sth.。 When can I begin to work 我什么时候能开始工作呢 When I got there,the singer had already begun singing. 当我到那儿时，歌手已经开始唱歌了。
(2) doubt此处用作及物动词，意为“不能肯定，对……无把握”。 He doubts the truth of the news. 他怀疑那件新闻的真实性。 I don't doubt that she'll come. 她一定来，我不怀疑。
【拓展】①doubt用作不及物动词，意为“怀疑”，其后常接of,about。 She doubts about everything. 她对一切都怀疑。 He doubts of his success. 他怀疑他能否成功。
②doubt后接宾语从句时，名词从句用if/whether引导，名词从句也可用that引导。 I doubt if/whether she will keep her word. 我怀疑她是否会遵守诺言。
I don't doubt that we will win. 我们会获胜是没有疑问的 ③做名词，意为“怀疑”，固定短语：be in doubt “不肯定，不确定” No doubt 无疑，很可能” without/beyond doubt 毫无疑问，的确 3. “Is it made completely of gold”he wondered.
wonder 想知道，相当于want to know
①后接疑问词引导的宾语从句，从句使用陈述语序。 I wonder who she is. ②后接if/whether 引导的宾语从句，表示委婉的请求或疑问。 I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.
③后接“疑问词+不定式”结构 I am just wondering how to do it.
拓展：wonder 做动词，还可意为“感到惊异”，可与at/about连用 I don’t wonder at his words.
Wonder 作为可数名词，意为“奇迹；奇观”
4.“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do”thought Archimedes. （1）seem用作连系动词，意为“似乎，好像”，后常接形容词作表语，可以和seem to be和It seems/seemed that…相互转换。
He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry. 他好像非常生气。
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