第三部分 阅读理解 (共20题，每小题1.5分，共30分） Part III Reading comprehension(30 ponits, 1.5ponits each) Section A
Directions:There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C. and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 In recent years, especially during the 1960s, there was much discussion about “the brain drain (排干，流失)，” which dealt with the problem of students and learned people who left their own countries for other countries that offered better chances for study, research, and employment. For example, according to a report from U. N. , between 1962 and 1966 more than 50 percent of all engineering graduates of Iran and 14 percent of Iranian scientists left their country for work abroad. Over 30 percent of Chilean engineers and 15 percent of Turkish physicians also went to work in other countries. Probably the greatest brain drain occurred among young scientists who had gone abroad to study. Many of them had planned to return to their countries to teach but chose to remain in more industrialized nations where they were able
to continue their work and their research in fields in which there were no job possibilities at home. The countries that attracted most of these scientists were the United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Canada, and Australia.
Recent studies show that the brain drain to the United States may be decreasing. Many foreign scientists are going home again, and in some cases American scientists are leaving the United States for employment in other countries. The main reasons are that good jobs are becoming fewer here, money for national research has been sharply cut, and university fellowships reduced too. However, in the field of medicine the drain to the United States still goes on. Today more than one of every five American doctors is foreign—born, and several thousand foreign doctors immigrate to the United States each year. Over eighty countries have asked the State Department to send students who are skilled in important fields such as medicine back home when their study programs are over. 51.Which of the following is not the reason for “the brain drain”? A. Better chances of study. B. Better research condition C. Good job possibility D. Good housing
52.The brain drain to the United States may be decreasing mainly because________.
A. many foreign scientists are ordered to return to their motherlands B. there are fewer and fewer good jobs in the USA C. they don’t need any foreign scientists now
D. the universities refuse to provide money for the foreign scientist 53.How many American doctors are foreign—born? A. More than 20 percent B. About half of them C. Several thousand D. About 15 percent 54. Which is the best title for this passage? A. How to seek a job in the USA B. Doctors’ immigration to the USA C. The brain drain D. A strange case. Passage 2 Happy birthday! Do birthdays really make people happy? Of course they do. Birthdays celebrate the day we were born. Besides, that extra candle on the cake suggests another year of growth and maturity(成熟)－or so we hope. We all like to imagine that we’re getting wiser and not just older. Most of us enjoy seeing the miracle(奇迹) of growth in others, as well. For instance, seeing our children develop and learn new things
makes us feel proud. For Americans, like people in most cultures, growing up is a wonderful process(过程). But growing old? That’s a different story.
Growing old is not exactly pleasant for people in youth-oriented(以年轻人为中心) American culture. Most Americans like to look young, act young and feel young. As the old saying goes, “You’re as young as you feel.” Older people joke about how many years young they are, rather than how many years old. People in some countries value the aged as a source of experience and wisdom. But Americans seem to favor those that are young, or at least “young at heart.” Many older Americans find the “golden years” to be anything but golden. Economically, “senior citizens” often struggle just to get by. Retirement(退休) at age 65 brings a sharp decrease in personal income. Social security benefits usually cannot make up the difference. Older people may suffer from poor nutrition, medical care and housing. Some even experience age discrimination. In 1987, American sociologist Pat Moore dressed up like an older person and wandered city streets. She was often treated rudely－even cheated and robbed. However, dressed as a young person, she received much more respect.
Unfortunately, the elderly population in America is increasing fast. Why? People are living longer. Fewer babies are being born. And middle-aged
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