上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Stay out of the Sun to Look Young
Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.
However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US – commissioned by skincare firm Olay – guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.
Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.
Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’ It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 49 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns.
A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than 50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This
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上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空
gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 52 – and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday. Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 54 to develop its latest face creams, said: ‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 55 basis.’ 41. A. add to
B. benefit from C. depend on D. hold back 42. A. mistake B. proposal
C. difference D. comment 43. A. finding
B. suggestion C. prospect
D. possibility 44. A. cheered up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care 45. A. age
B. trouble C. scenic D. weak 46. A. faulty B. popular C. helpful D. conflicting 47. A. better B. similar
C. false D. satisfactory 48. A. ate B. exercised C. acted D. slept 49. A. hard
B. apparent C. narrow D. serious 50. A. occasional B. limited C. potential
D. initial 51. A. good
B. damage C. treatment D. miracle 52. A. beauty B. water
C. skin D. sun 53. A. trend B. possibility C. sign
D. chance 54. A. product
B. research C. approach D. sample 55. A. temporary B. personal
C. daily
D. strict
Keys:
41-45 D C AD A 46-50 BBDCA 51-55 BDCBC
Ten【20181普陀区】 Reading Comprehension Section A
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上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Depression: Second Biggest Cause of Disability in the World
Depression is the second most common cause of disability worldwide after back pain, according to a review of research. The disease must be treated as a global public health 41 , experts report in the journal PLOS Medicine. The study 42 clinical depression with more than 200 other diseases and injuries as a cause of disability. Globally, only a small proportion of patients have 43 to treatment, the World Health Organization says. Depression was 44 at number two as a global cause of disability, but its impact varies in different countries and regions. 45 , rates of major depression were highest in Afghanistan and lowest in Japan. In the UK, depression was rated at number three 46 years lived with a disability.
Dr. Alize Ferrari from the University of Queensland’s School of Population Health led the study. “Depression is a big problem and we 47 need to pay more attention to it than we are now,” she told BBC News. There’s still more work to be done in arousing awareness of the disease and also in 48 successful ways of treating it.
“The burden is different between countries, so it tends to be higher in low and middle income countries and 49 in high income countries.” Policy-makers had made an effort to bring depression to the forefront, but there was a lot more work to be done, she added. “There’s lots of stigma (病症) we know 50 with mental health,” she explained.
“What one person recognizes as disabling might be different to another person and might be different across countries as well. There are lots of cultural 51 and interpretations that come in place, which makes it all the more important to 52 awareness of the size of the problem and also signs and how to 53 it.”
The data — for the year 2010 — follows similar studies in 1990 and 2000 looking at the global burden of depression.
Commenting on the study, Dr. Daniel Chisholm, a health economist at the department for mental health and substance abuse at the World Health Organization said depression was a very disabling condition. “It’s a big public health 54 and a big problem to be reflected on but not
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上海市各区2018届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：完形填空
enough is being done.” Around the world only a tiny 55 of people get any sort of treatment or diagnosis.
The WHO recently launched a global mental health action plan to raise awareness among policy-makers.
41. A. concern B. issue C. priority D. discussion 42. A. compared B. combined C. confused D. contacted 43. A. objection B. access C. adaptation D. contribution 44. A. considered B. evaluated C. determined D. ranked 45. A. For example B. In addition C. In other words D. All in all 46. A. in regard of B. in name of C. in terms of D. in face of 47. A. probably B. definitely C. significantly D. randomly 48. A. coming up with B. making up C. putting up with D. consisting of 49. A. severer B. heavier C. lighter D. lower 50. A. related B. associated
C. relevant D. close
51. A. ingredients B. interactions C. implications D. identities 52. A. remove B. recreate C. raise D. rise
53. A. avoid B. treat
C. cure D. detect
54. A. challenge B. agreement C. prediction D. outcome 55. A. amount B. proportion C. quantity D. population Keys:
41-45 CABDA 46-50 CBADB 51-55 CCDAB
Eleven【20181金山区】 III. Reading Comprehension
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