本科毕业论文（设计）
（普通高等教育）
论文题目
学 院 专业名称 班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师
漆楚生
中国主要秸秆的产量及秸秆复合
材料开发现状
材料科学与技术学院 木材科学与工程 木工12-1 120514112 沈舒宁 职称
讲师
北京林业大学本科毕业论文（设计）
中国主要秸秆的产量及秸秆复合材料开发现状
木材科学与工程12-1沈舒宁
指导老师 漆楚生
摘要
作物秸秆是农作物生产系统中一项重要的生物质资源。中国是农业大国，也是秸秆资源最为丰富的国家之一，随着农作物单产的提高，秸秆产量也将随之增加。农民就地焚烧秸秆带来的资源浪费和环境污染问题，引起了公众的关注。本文分析了中国的农作物秸秆资源量，对实现秸秆资源化具有重要意义。从地区分布以及利用率具体数据来表明现今秸秆的利用情况。除此，秸秆在实际应用中秸秆人造板是本文重点，人造板行业发展潜力颇大，随着优质木材的匮乏，如何寻找替代品并且克服传统人造板家具的甲醛问题值得探讨。秸秆与木材宏观差别显著，但化学成分的相似处也是秸秆人造板得以发展的理论基础，本文在讨论秸秆的应用时，主要考虑秸秆复合材料如秸秆人造板的特点以及与木质人造板的差别。
关键词：秸秆，秸秆人造板，应用
I
北京林业大学本科毕业论文（设计）
The major crop straws resource in China and the situation of
straw-based material and straw-based panel
Wood science and technology 12-1 Shen Shuning
Supervisor Qi Chusheng
Abstract
STRAW is considered as important biomassresources which abounds in China.New problems surfaced as the modern agriculture entered into our lives.Burning crop straws brings environmental pollution as well as resources-wasting due to redundant straws resources, which arouses anxiety among society.Crop straw resource will be analyzed in this article in many ways .Besides, this article would focus on straw-based panel in which we could find much potential. Straw-based panel is likely to replace wood-based panel for many reasons discussed in following parts.Formaldehyde problem is one of reasons. For normal straw-based panel ,MDI (Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate) is used as adhesive. The similarity and difference between wood and straw are important factors to make it happen.
Key word : crop straw, straw-based panel and application
II
北京林业大学本科毕业论文（设计）
目录
1.
绪论 ................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1
选题背景 ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.1作物秸秆资源的利用 ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 秸秆燃烧的危害 .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2发展秸秆人造板的必要性和可能性 .................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1人造板生产原料短缺亟需替代品 ............................................................................................... 4 1.2.2农作物秸秆人造板的发展 ........................................................................................................... 5 1.2.3秸秆人造板 ................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3研究的内容和目的 .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1研究内容 ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2研究目的 ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2.秸秆的特性与产量 ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 秸秆的特性 ......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 麦秸秆 .......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2稻秸秆 ........................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3玉米秸秆 ..................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.4棉秸秆 ......................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.5高粱秸秆 ..................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.5秸秆成分特点 ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.6各秸秆成分与木材成分差异 ..................................................................................................... 14 2.2秸秆的产量 ........................................................................................................................................ 15 2.2.1粮食资源产量 ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.2.2秸秆资源产量 ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.2.3秸秆的区域分布 ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.秸秆复合材料开发现状 ...................................................................................................................... 21 3.1秸秆复合材料研究现状 .................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1秸秆刨花板 ................................................................................................................................. 22 3.1.2秸秆中密度纤维板 ..................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.3秸秆重组材 ................................................................................................................................. 26 3.1.4 秸秆塑料复合材 ........................................................................................................................ 29 3.2秸秆应用 ............................................................................................................................................ 31 3.2.1 秸秆刨花板 ................................................................................................................................ 31
III
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