为不及物动词短语。还指(食物、燃料等)用尽；用完，这时与run out可换用。 use up 意为“用完；消耗尽”，为及物动词短语，相当于run out of。 ④They ran_out_of/used_up money and had to abandon the project.他们的钱用光了，不得不放弃这个项目。 ⑤Our food soon ran_out． 我们的粮食很快就吃完了。
⑥Both my strength and money gave_out． 我的力气和金钱都用尽了。
⑦Making soup is a good way of using_up leftover vegetables. 把剩下的蔬菜全部用来做汤是个好主意。 【即时巩固】
(1)Tom had ______ ______ ______ money and he had to write a letter asking his father to send him some by post.汤姆用完了钱，不得不写信让父亲汇些来。
(2)Food in the flooded area ______ ______ fast since more and more people became homeless.
由于愈来愈多的人无家可归，洪灾区的食品很快就用完了。
(3) His strength ______ ______ after he ran that long distance.跑完那么长一段距离，他已筋疲力竭。
(4)They have ______ ______ their money. 他们已经把钱花光了。
【答案】(1)run out of(2)ran out(3)gave out(4)used up 考点3．be made up of由……构成；由……制造
【教材原句】Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the
cinquain，a poem made up of five lines.另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，
叫作五行诗。 【例句研读】
（1）He made up some excuses about his daughter being sick.他编造谎言说他女儿病了。 （2）She determined to work twice as hard as before to make_up_for the lost time. 她决定加倍努力工作，把失去的时间补回来。
（3）I can't make_out what the article says.我无法理解这篇文章讲的是什么。 【归纳拓展】
make up 组成；编造；化妆；补偿 make up for 弥补 make out 听出，看出，辨认出 be made of/from 由……制成 be made out of 由……制成；用……改制而成 be made into 把……做成…… be made in (某物)产于某地 【即时巩固】
(1)Are all animal bodies ______ ______ ______ cells? 所有动物的身体都是由细胞组成的吗？
(2)Nothing can ______ ______ ______ the death of so many people. 什么也弥补不了这么多人的死亡。
(3)Books ______ ______ ______ paper, while paper ______ ______ ______ wood. 书是由纸做成的；而纸是由木头做的。
【答案】(1)made up of(2)make up for(3)are made of；is made from 考点4. let out发出；放走 【归纳拓展】
let sth. out泄露(秘密等)；发出(叫喊等)；放 宽；放大(衣服等)；让……跑掉 let sb. out放……出去，释放 let sb. down让某人失望 let sb./sth.in让某人/某物进来 let alone更不用说 【即时巩固】
(1)Don’t ______ ______ ______ about my losing job.别把我丢了工作一事泄露出去。 (2)He’s getting so fat that his trousers have to ______ ______ ______ round the waist. 他越来越胖，裤腰都得放宽了。
(3)The baby can’t even crawl yet, ______ ______ walk.这孩子连爬都不会，更不用说走了。
【答案】(1)let it out(2)be let out(3)let alone
经典句型剖析
考点1 序数词the first/second/last(＋sb.)＋to do结构
【教材原句】The Impressionists were the_first_painters_to_work outdoors.印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。
【句法分析】序数词the first/second/last(＋sb.)＋to do是一种常见结构，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定语；如果主语和不定式之间有被动关系，不定式应使用被动结构。 【归纳拓展】
用不定式作定语的几种情况： (1)不定式表将来。
(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为主动关系。 (3)用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。 【例句研读】
(1) To tell the truth，he was the last person to be met with by the manager.说实话，他是最后一个被经理接见的人。
(2) I was the first in my family to go to college.我是我们家第一个大学生。 (3) Do you have the ability to read and write in English？你具备读写英语的能力吗？ (4)The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 【即时巩固】
(1)我一直认为我姐姐会第一个结婚。
I always thought my sister would be____________________. (2)他是做这个工作最好的人选。
He was the best man__________________．
【答案】(1) the first to get married (2) to do the job 考点2 while的用法归纳
【教材原句】Some rhyme(like B)while others do not(like C)．有些诗押韵(像B)，但也有些不是这样(像C)。 【句法分析】
while的用法归纳：
(1)while 用做并列连词，构成并列句，意为“然而，但是”，相当于 and/but, 强调前后两种情况的对比或转折，此时while 一般位于句中。
(2)while 用做从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；和……同时”，此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生，从句谓语通常是延续性动词。
(3)while 引导让步状语从句，常放在句首，意为“尽管”“虽然”，比 although或 though 语气要轻。
(4)while 引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，其意思和用法相当于 as long as。while 可位于句首，也可位于句中。
(5)while 引导从句时，如果主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语又含有 be，则从句主语和 be可以省略。while 后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。 【拓展归纳】
while 引导时间状语从句时，指一段时间，不用来表示时间点；when引导时间状语从句时，既指时间段，也指时间点。如：
(1)When/While I was in middle school, I liked English very much.我上中学时非常喜欢英语。
(2)When he entered, I was watching TV. (不能用 while)当他进来时我正在看电视。 【例句研读】
(1)You like sports, while I prefer music. 你喜欢体育，而我更喜欢音乐。
(2)I was reading the book while you were talking to me. 你对我说话的时候，我正在看书。
(3)While it is very cold today, we decide to go out for a walk. 尽管今天天气很冷，我们还是决定出去走走。
(4)While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor‘s duty to save the patient. 只要病人还有一线生机，医生就有责任抢救。
(5)You have to be very careful while (you are) driving.你开车时必须很小心。 【即时巩固】
(1)In some places women are expected to earn money ______ men work at home and raise their children.
A．but B．while C．because
D．though
【解析】while 在此句中意为“然而”，表对比。 【答案】B
(2) ______the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it. A．If
B．While
D．As
C．Because 【答案】B
(3)—Are you ready for Spain?
—Yes, I want the girls to experience that ______ they are young. A．while B．until C．if
D．before
【解析】while 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。 【答案】A
考点3 it在句中做形式主语
【教材原句】It is amazing that so many great works of art from the late 19th century to the 21st century are housed in the same museum. 令人感到惊奇的是同一家博物馆中收藏了那么多伟大的从19世纪晚期至21世纪的艺术作品。 【句法分析】
it在句中做形式主语，真正的主语是 that 从句。it做形式主语，可以代替不定式、动名词、从句，置于句首，无意义，使句式结构更平衡。常见句型有：
(1)It is important (easy, hard, difficult, possible, necessary...) for sb. to do sth. (2)It is a pity (a shame, a pleasure, one's duty, bad manners...) for sb. to do sth. (3)It is kind (nice, wise, brave, silly, polite, friendly...) of sb. to do sth. (4)It's a pity (a shame, a fact, a wonder...) that...
(5)It is strange (obvious, true, good, possible, likely, clear...) that... (6)It seems (happens, turns out, occurs to me...) that...
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