For a long time after this event, Oedipus lived in honor and prosperity. Four unnatural children came out of this odd marriage, two sons and two daughters. Then the sad thing came. A
plague raged throughout the land. Every family was affected, and not a day went by without new death. A prophet warned that the trouble would not be removed until the murderer of the former king Laius was driven out of the country. An old blind seer, Tiresias by name, was brought before the king and, outraged by the king’s impolite language, declared that Oedipus himself was the hunted murderer. The king was shocked and annoyed. He called the Theban and Corinthian shepherds to prove the truth. As the two old shepherds had been
concerned in his adoption as an infant,
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the truth finally became known. The queen hanged herself. Oedipus put out of his own eyes with a pin, so that he might not look on the sun again. He was driven out of the kingdom and wandered from one city to another, until he found protection in King Theseus’ Athens(雅典的提修斯国王). There at the signal of Zeus’ thunder, he mysteriously ended his poor earthly life.
俄狄浦斯情结又称恋母情结,是精神分析学的术语。精神分析学(psychoanalysis)的创始人弗洛伊德(Sigmund Freud,1856-1939)认为,儿童在性发展的对象选择时期,开始向外界寻求性对象。对于幼儿,这个对象首先是双亲,男孩以母亲为选择对象而女孩则常以父亲的选择对象。小孩做出如此的选择,一方面是由于自身的“性本能”,同时也是由于双亲的刺激加强了这种倾向,也即是由于母亲偏爱儿子和
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父亲偏爱女儿促成的。在此情形之下,男孩早就对他的母亲发生了一种特殊的柔情,视母亲为自己的所有物,而把父亲看成是争得此所有物的敌人,并想取代父亲在父母关系中的地位。同理,女孩也以为母亲干扰了自己对父亲的柔情,侵占了她应占的地位。每个人的成长都会经历这样的时期,我们自己回想一下小时候或者说现在是否有过嫉恨自己异性父母的时候。正如故事中的俄狄浦斯当他知道了事情的真相的时候是多么的羞愧。因为在我们的伦理道德中这样是不被允许的,甚至说想一下也是被认为邪恶的。在这一时期,我们是很矛盾的,不过对于大部分的人来说,在我们的意识还未完全认识到这一点的时候我们已经成功处理了。以男孩子举例:当他开始嫉恨父亲,想要拥有母亲的时候,自然会表现出对父亲的敌视,但是越来他会发现自己不够强大来抵制父亲,转而,他会向父亲学习产生认同,慢慢的就成长起来了。在这个转
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变过程中,因为家庭情况的、个人的一些经历不同,在程度上就会是不一样的。父母亲在家庭中的地位角色会影响到孩子的成长,一个强大的父亲比之一个懦弱的父亲是更容易让孩子认同的,如果母亲过于强大在家中占主导地位的话,男孩子就很有可能认同母亲,对于孩子的成长就会有影响
2.3 Greek Drama 古希腊悲剧起源于祭祀酒神狄奥尼索斯(Dionysus)的庆典活动。在古希腊世界漫长的演进过程中,这种原始的祭祀活动逐渐发展成一种有合唱歌队伴奏,有演员表演并依靠幕布、背景、面具等塑造环境的艺术样式,这就是西方戏剧的雏形。 16
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