顶点王牌英语必修3讲义I
Unit 1 Festivals around the world
1. mean 的用法
1). mean doing sth. “意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）”, 其主语通常是指事物的词 2). mean to do sth. “打算或企图做某事”，主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”
3). mean sb. to do sth. “打算让某人做某事”，也可以用于被动结构
4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句, “表示；打算；存心”等意思；后接that 从句，意为“表示……”
5). be meant for “打算给予；打算作……用”
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
2. take place 发生；举行 (不能用于被动语态中!)
① The performance didn’t take place after all. 演出终于没有进行
② Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？
与place相关短语：
in the first place （用于列举理由）首先，第一点 in the last place 最后
in one’s place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想 in place 放在原来的位置，就位
in place of 代替，用……而不用…… take one’s place 找替某人接替某人的位置
3. of all kinds 各种各样的
all kinds of 各种各样的 the same kind of 相同种类的
different kinds of 不同种类的 this/that kind of 这（那）种 a kind of 某种
That kind of question is very difficult to answer.= Questions of that kind are difficult to answer. We sell all kinds of shoes.= We sell shoes of all kinds. ③ You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo. = You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo. 你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动物 用动词的适当形式填空
① Books of this kind ____ (sell) well in the bookstore. ② This kind of books ____ (sell) well in the bookstore.
4. starve v. 挨饿; 饿死
He said he would starve rather than beg for food. 他说他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃
5. plenty n. 富裕
days/years/...of plenty 富裕的日子/年月
如：You have a life of plenty, what would you be worried about?
plenty pron. 大量; 充足
plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数名词, 用于陈述句
如: You needn’t hurry. There is plenty of time left. 你不必慌忙, 剩下的时间很充足 Taking plenty of exercise every day keeps you healthy. 每天多运动会使你身体健康
6. 1) satisfy vt. 满足,使…满意; satisfy sb. satisfied a. 感到满意的; be satisfied with satisfying a. 令人愉快的 satisfaction n. 满意; to one’s satisfaction satisfactorily ad. 满意地 satisfactory a. 令人满意的
She bought a satisfactory computer—it’s cheap and of high quality.
辨析 satisfactory, satisfied, satisfying
satisfactory 指客观的事物或主观的表现达到要求而令人满意, 主语一般用客体 satisfied指主体对事物或表现感到满意, 主语是主体(人) 如: She is satisfied with the service. 她对该项服务感到满意
satisfying: giving pleasure令人愉快, 主语是不定式. 常用于句型: It’s satisfying to do sth. 做...使人满意
如:It’s satisfying to learn the success of his son in job-hunting. 得知儿子找到工作,令他非常高兴
hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound的区别与用法
hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害
如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident.那位女孩在那次事故中伤得很重
injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等, 强调功能的损失 如:He injured his hand while playing basketball.他在打篮球时手受了伤
damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。如: Several cars were damaged in the accident. 好几辆汽车在事故中损坏了
wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如: The bullet wounded his left leg. 子弹打伤了他的左腿
7.origin n. 起源；源头 如：the origins of the life on earth 地球上生命的起源
in memory of/ to the memory of sb. 纪念某人 例句：The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist.
8. dress作及物动词时, 不接clothes之类的表示衣服的名词, 而是接表示人的句词或代词, 意思是“给…穿衣服”。当表示自己穿衣服时, 则用反身代词, 如：Wake up children and dress
them. 唤醒孩子,给他们穿上衣服
dress的过去分词常用来构成get dressed与be dressed短语, 前者表示动态, 后者表示静态, 穿何种衣服, 则用介词in. 如：Harry up and get dressed. 快点穿上衣服。 The girl was dressed in red. 这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。 dress up是“打扮,化装”，如: You should dress up when you take part in the party. She is ___ in red today and looks very beautiful.
wearing B. having on C. dressing D. Dressed
9. award. n. 奖, 奖品 v. 判给, 授予 award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物 辨析: award 和reward:
award后接双宾语 如: award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章 reward 奖赏, 酬谢, 不能接双宾语。 reward sb. for sth. 因…奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人
例句：She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole morning’s hard work.
10. admire v. 意为“赞赏;钦佩;羡慕;赞美;夸奖” 注意: 表示“在某方面钦佩某人”用“admire sb. for sth.”
例句：We all admire him for his courage and bravery. 我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识
11. look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介词, 而不是动词不定式符号
12. as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气
(1) 引导方式状语从句
She acted as though nothing had happened． 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的
当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语和to be一起省去 He looked about as though (he was) in search of something． 他四处张望, 好像寻找什么
(2) 引导表语从句
It looks as if it’s going to rain看样子天要下雨
as though和as if从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述语气，根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气
The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人
13. have fun 过得快乐 = have a good time, enjoy oneself. 短语有have fun ( in ) doing sth.
14. But she didn’t turn up.
1) 来, 出席(某活动) I’m very happy you turned up so early.
2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 反义词turn down. 如Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.
turn down 拒绝 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn out 结果是..... turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
15. keep one’s word 守信用， 反义词是break one’s word 失信
注意：keep one’s word和break one’s word中的名词word不能用复数形式！ in a word/in short/to be short 简言之；总之 have a word with sb. 与某人谈话
have words with sb. 与某人发生口角 in other words 换句话说
16. obvious adj.
1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词 如：Her disappointment was obvious to her friend. 2) It + be + obvious +that-clause 显而易见,一目了然 如：It was obvious that she was in danger.
辨析：obvious/apparent/clear obvious 是三者中程度最强的，含有“一目了然” 之意。 如：It is obvious that you are wrong. apparent具有某些明显的迹象，侧重经历推理才能看出结果。 如：It was apparent from his face that he was lying. clear 表示明白的，清楚的。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。 如：He seems clear about his plans.
17. marry 的用法：
1) 她嫁给了一个律师。She married a doctor. 表示“和......结婚”，“嫁......”，“娶......”时，marry为及物动词，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb.
2) 她和一位律师结婚了。 She was married to a lawyer. 表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to， 而不用with. 3) 他们结婚三年了。They have been married for three years. 注意：marry和get married 都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而have been married则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用
18. set off: 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力
相关短语：set about doing sth. 着手(做某事) set in 开始 set up建立，创立 set down写下，记下
set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作 set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种动的状态
19. dress up
1.这个男孩爱穿他姐姐的衣服闹着玩。
The boy likes dressing up in his sister’s clothes. 2.孩子们极力把子机打扮成怪物。
The children tried to dress up as monsters. 3.全家人正在装饰圣诞树。
The whole family are dressing up the Christmas tree.
20.have fun with sb
I like having fun with my friends. Have fun at the party tonight. 今晚的晚会上玩得很开心 make fun of sb. 嘲弄; 取笑
21.congratulate
Congratulate sb on sth/doing
Congratulations to sb on sth/doing
Congratulate you on passing the driving test.
Congratulations to you on passing the driving test.
22. permit permission Permit/allow doing Permit/allow sb to do Smoking is not allowed/ permitted in teachers’ office.
Nobody is allowed/permitted to smoke in the teachers’ office. Nobody can smoke without permission.
情态动词
1. 情态动词有一定的意义，表示或暗示某种情绪或态度，表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等
2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化 3. 情态动词不能独立使用，必须和实义动词一起构成谓语 4. 情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的 不定式 5. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。 must
表示必须， 多处于义务、责任或强制命令(must提问，否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to). You must hand in your homework today.
(2) mustn’t 表示禁止。意思是“不许”、“不准”、“不可以”。 You mustn’t smoke here.
(3) 用于发生了某种于说话人的愿望相反、不受欢迎的事时，意思是“偏偏”、“偏要”。 Why must he do it that way? Why must it rain on Sunday?
(4) 表示推测， 只能用于肯定句。 He must be reading novels now.
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
can /could (1)表示能力
Can you speak Japanese?
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