③ penetrating
a.1、穿透的，贯穿的；2、深刻的，透彻的 They w alked against the penetrating w ind. 他们迎着刺骨的寒风行走。
Her penetrating voice frightened the little boy. 她刺耳的嗓子把小男孩吓坏了。
Swift’s w orks were most penetrating and pow erful. 斯威夫特的作品极为深刻有力。 ④ take over
1、接管，接任；2、把。。。从一处运到另一处
The young doctor has taken over duties of the old. 年轻医生已接替了老医生的工作。
When Mr.Green retired, his son took over the business from him. 格林先生退休后，由他儿子接管他的生意。
Mr.Brow n took me over to the island in his steamboat. 布朗先生用他的汽艇把我送到该岛。 ⑤ take on
1、具有，担任（工作等）；2、雇佣
The disease took on some special characteristics. 那种疾病具有一些特殊的特征。 He has taken on a new job. 他已承担了一项新工作。
The employer takes on twenty more w orkers. 那位雇主又雇佣了 20 名工人。 二、重点句型
1、新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的。P1
The new music w as built out of materials already in existence. 2、民间音乐，既有古老又有现代的，在大学生中颇为流行。P1
Folk music, old and modern, w as popular among college students. 3、他们自由地吸收爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分。P2
They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music.
UNIT 5-2
4、在家里欣赏唱片的时候，听众尽力模仿照明效果。P4
With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 三、习题
（一）单词、词组英译汉
musician rhythmic distinct consciousness originate readily instrument electronic thereby passive participant 1.The new music w as built out of materials already in existence.
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2.Folk music, old and modern, w as popular among college students.
3.They freely took over elements form jazz, from American country music.
4.With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could. 5.In a sense, men of this kind begin not so much w ith a musical theme as w ith a completed composition.
6.Most composers since Beethoven's day belong to this second type. 7.Men like Palestrina and Bach belong in this category. （三）汉译英 这一章是关于热能转化成动力的。
The chapter is about the transformation of heat into pow er. 一群人自发地聚集在事故现场。
A group of people got together spontaneously at the scene of the accident. 这次争吵是由误会引起的。
The quarrel originated from a misunderstanding. 1949 年后，军队接管了这个城市。
The army took over this city after 1949. 为了你的健康，你不应该承担太繁重的工作。
For your health,you should avoid taking on too much work. 四、历年试题
1. In the process of composition , it isn’t easy to be inspired in a spontaneous w ay for long periods_ _ a stretch.. A. at B. for C. over D. in
答案是 a 。 考点：词组 at a stretch 一口气，连续不断的 2.汉译英 新音乐是由业已存在的材料构建出来的。
答案：The new music was built out of material already in existence. 3. 汉译英：那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐。
答案：It was folk music that was popular among college students at that time. 4. 汉译英：不用说我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。
答案： It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society. 1. 新音乐起源于布鲁斯、摇滚乐和民间音乐。
答： The new music originated from blues, rock and roll and folk music. 2. 民间音乐表现和平、友谊和希望。
答： Folk music expresses peace, friendship and hope. 3. 他们已不再是被动的听众而是积极的参与者。
答： Instead of passive audience, they have become active participants. 4. 他们自由地从不同的音乐来源中吸取元素。
答： They freely took over elements form diverse music sources. 5. 新音乐采取多种形式，几乎具有无限的表现力。
答：The new music may take on various forms and be capable of expressing an almost limitless range.
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UNIT 6-1
一、word study
spray,cast,expose,switch,critical ① spray n.1、水花，浪花；2、喷雾，喷雾状物 The spray of the waterfall is very beautiful. 瀑布的水花飞溅，非常漂亮。
A spray of bullets hit the tree behind which he w as hiding. 一阵喷射的子弹打中了他藏身其后的那棵树。 vt.喷，向。。。喷射，喷涂 Fruit trees are sprayed regularly. 果树应定期喷上杀虫剂。
The students sprayed questions at the teacher. 学生们连珠炮似的向老师提出一个又一个问题。 ② cast vt.1、投，扔，抛，掷（at）；2、投射（光，影，视线等）（on,at）；3、浇铸，铸造 The boy cast a stone at the dog. 那个男孩向那条狗扔了块石头。
His w ords cast a new light on the problem.
他的话题使人们对这个问题有了新的认识。 The robot can cast steel after being reprogrammed. 在重新设定程序之后，机器人能浇铸钢材。 n.1、投，掷；2、模具；3、演员（阵容）
The Beijing Theatre of People’s Art has a very strong cast. 北京人民艺术剧院有很强大的演员阵容。
③ expose vt.1、使暴露，使面临；2、揭露，揭发 The w orks w ere exposed to all kinds of w eather. 工人们经受风吹雨打。
We should be aw are of the dangers of exposing children to violence on T V. 我们应当意识到儿童接触有关暴力电视节目的危害。
He has been widely exposed to the public on the television. 他经常在电视上向公众露面。
The mistakes of the past must be exposed w ithout any reserve. 对以前的错误一定要毫无保留地揭发。 ④ switch n.1、开关，转换器；2、（思路、话题等的）转换
It is two-way switch. 这是个双向开关。
He has made a switch of support from one political party to another. 他已从支持一个政党转而支持另一个政党。 vi.1、转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2、接通。。。电流（on），切断。。。电流（off） We switched the discussion to another topic. 我们换了一个讨论题目。
E ntering the room, he sw itched the light on. 一进房间，他就把灯打开了。 vt.转换，变换（switch(over)to）
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He switched (over) to medicine and graduated in 1980. 他改学医科，于 1980 年毕业。
⑤ critical a.1、批评（性）的，批评（性）的；2、对。。。表示谴责，对。。。感到不满的（of）；3、紧 要的，关键性的，危急的 He is a man w ith a critical eye. 他是一个具有批判眼光的人。
It takes years to develop one’s critical ability. 培养评论能力要很长时间。
The old man w as critical of the boy’s impolite behaviour. 那个老人不满意男孩的不礼貌行为。 The patient’s condition is critical. 病人情况危急。
UNIT 6-2
二、重点句型 1、目前多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按编制的程序承担轿车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这 一类的工作。P2
Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry, w here they are programmed to take over such jobs as w elding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.
2、机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用的程度低一些。P3
Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as w ell. 现在分词短语作定语
3、在核电站使用的机器人处理放射性材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。P3
The robots used in nuclear pow er plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.
4、机器人于自动化机器不同之处在于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程 序去完成另一项任务。P4
Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.
5、在微电子和计算机技术上有专长的工程人员正研制机器人的人工视觉。P5
Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.
6、机器人有了“看”的能力便能在一堆不同类物体中辨别和检查出某一特定类物体。P5 With the ability to \out of a stack of different kinds of materials. to \：不定式作后置定语 7、任何想要了解未来工业的人必须要了解机器人。P7
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Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. 三、习题
一.单词、词组英译汉
efficiency increasingly install personnel expose reduction completion specific switch critical intensity scale defective in that in question plenty of 三、汉译英
1.近几年，机器人的应用越来越广泛和深入。
In recent years, the use of robots is becoming increasingly w ider and deeper. Robots are used more and more w idely and deeply in recent years.
Robots have been increasingly used w ider and deeper in recent years. 2.新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。
The newly-developed robots have a sense of touch, are able to see objects, and can make decision as w ell.
3.机器人在汽车行业应用广泛。
Robots are employed w idely in the automotive industry. The use of robots in the automotive industry is prevalent.
4.感光材料、数字照相机都是照相器材。
Light–sensitive materials and digital cameras are all photographic equipment. 5.机器人与自动化机器有重大的区别。
There is a significant difference betw een robots and automatic machines. There are major differences betw een robots and automatic machines. 四、历年试题
1. Most today’s robots are employed in the automotive industry, __ _they are prog rammed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting . (99.4) A. as B. which C. when D. where
答案：D. 考点：where 引导的非限定定语从句，修饰 automotive industry。
2. Robots differ from automatic machines in _ after completion of one specific ta sk, they can
be reprogrammed to be another one. (00.4) A. which B. that C. how D. whether
答案：B. 考点：in that 复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”。
UNIT 6-3
3. Robots , already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning___ (see) in other
industries as well. (00.4) (01.10)
答案：to be seen 考点：begin to do sth. 所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。
4. Anyone__ __(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know ab
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